文献阅读1 | 基于图像处理的铁路轨道板裂缝检测研究

文献阅读1 | 《基于图像处理的铁路轨道板裂缝检测研究》

作者：薛峰，赵丽科,柴雪松，郑顺义
期刊：铁道建筑

图像预处理

由于在图像处理中存在平滑和增强的矛盾，平滑降噪的同时会过滤图像中的一些细节信息，图像的增强可能会使图像中的噪声数据同时被放大，所以本文采用双边滤波和Wallis滤波两种预处理方式结合。


Wallis滤波器的作用是将图像的灰度均值和方差值映射到给定的灰度均值和方差值，使图像的反差得以均衡化。反差小的区域反差增大，反差较大的区域反差减小，图像中灰度变化较小的信息得以增强。预处理后图像中的裂缝清晰可见。

（图：双边滤波）双边滤波利用邻域内的像素点的空间邻近度信息和灰度邻近度信息进行滤波，达到保边去噪的目的。其权值由空间高斯函数和值域高斯函数的乘积构成。离得较远的像素不会对边缘上的像素值产生较大的影响，在图像平滑的同时能很好的保持图像的边缘细节信息。

裂缝检测与判定


（图：局部二值化处理）针对本文中铁路轨道板裂缝检测，由于图像中噪声较强，如果进行全局二值化处理，非裂缝区域会产生较大干扰。又因为预处理后图像凸显了裂缝细节，裂缝处的灰度值明显低于周围像素的灰度值，所以本文采用了局部二值化处理方式。
去噪后
膨胀后

二值化后裂缝位置被检测出来，但是由于图像中灰度分布不均匀，裂缝内部存在断裂的情况，需要将断裂的部分进行合并。而膨胀操作可以使物体的边界向外扩张，通过将相应结构元素的所有点平移输入集合，然后计算并集得到（选择合适的结构元素，文中没有具体给出）。
膨胀操作后裂缝基本被合并在一起，但是仍存在很多细小颗粒噪声，这时对图像进行提出干扰噪声操作，获取白色像素构成连通区域。连通区域的面积不能过大，也不能过小，而且连通区域应为不规则区域。

裂缝套合

噪声剔除之后，图像中只有裂缝部分了，需要提取白色联通区域的边缘进行检测。本文采用Roberts边缘检测算子检测去噪后的图像边缘。然后将其套合在原图上比较。

作者–实验

…

结论

本文针对轨道板图像中噪声过多、亮度不均等特点，首先对图像进行预处理，在抑制图像噪声的同时增强裂缝部分的细节信息；接着对图像进行局部二值化处理，将二值化后的图像进行膨胀操作和噪声剔除；最终进行裂缝边缘检测，并将检测结果与原始图像进行套合，验证其可靠性。
试验表明，本文方法能有效检测出图像中裂缝存在的位置。

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.statediagram-cluster.statediagram-cluster-alt .inner{fill:#e0e0e0}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .statediagram-cluster .inner{rx:0;ry:0}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .statediagram-state rect.basic{rx:5px;ry:5px}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .statediagram-state rect.divider{stroke-dasharray:10,10;fill:#efefef}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .note-edge{stroke-dasharray:5}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .statediagram-note rect{fill:#fff5ad;stroke:#aa3;stroke-width:1px;rx:0;ry:0}:root{--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .error-icon{fill:#522}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .error-text{fill:#522;stroke:#522}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .edge-thickness-normal{stroke-width:2px}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .edge-thickness-thick{stroke-width:3.5px}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .edge-pattern-solid{stroke-dasharray:0}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-iq0hTBaRx8C8pmn2 {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}张三李四王五你好！李四, 最近怎么样?你最近怎么样，王五？我很好，谢谢!我很好，谢谢!李四想了很长时间, 文字太长了不适合放在一行.打量着王五...很好... 王五, 你怎么样?张三李四王五

这将产生一个流程图。:

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-F6dcob8I9hNX3f8B .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-F6dcob8I9hNX3f8B .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-F6dcob8I9hNX3f8B .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-F6dcob8I9hNX3f8B {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}

链接
长方形
圆
圆角长方形
菱形
  • 关于 Mermaid 语法，参考 这儿,

FLowchart流程图

我们依旧会支持flowchart的流程图：

Created with Raphaël 2.2.0开始我的操作确认？结束yesno
  • 关于 Flowchart流程图 语法，参考 这儿.

导出与导入

导出

如果你想尝试使用此编辑器, 你可以在此篇文章任意编辑。当你完成了一篇文章的写作, 在上方工具栏找到 文章导出 ，生成一个.md文件或者.html文件进行本地保存。

导入

如果你想加载一篇你写过的.md文件，在上方工具栏可以选择导入功能进行对应扩展名的文件导入，
继续你的创作。

  1. 注脚的解释 ↩︎

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