WMM-PS的U-APSD

  • 传统省电模式
  • U-APSD信息协商
  • U-APSD省电流程

传统省电模式

传统省电模式接收数据过程如下图所示。每发送一个ps-poll才能得到一个data frame。影响了效率。

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}#mermaid-svg-7P0U8CTggq40AxhP .marker.cross {stroke: #333333; }:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-7P0U8CTggq40AxhP {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}STAAPps-polldata1 more data bit=1ack 没有被AP收到当STA没有正确ack时,AP不会清除缓存的这一包ps-polldata1 more data bit=1ackps-polldata2 more data bit=0ackSTA接收到AP缓在存的所有包STAAP

更有效的做法是：当从beacon的TIM帧中发现AP有缓存的包时，STA发送Null data power bit =0直接退出省电模式，这样AP再把缓存的包发给STA，避免了反复发ps-poll。

U-APSD信息协商

U-APSD全称Unscheduled Automatic Power Save Delivery，是802.11e引入的带有优先级的省电模式。主要针对是单播QoS-Data 和QoS-Null frame。

AP在Beacon，Probe response和Association respnse中会带WMM Information Element，其中QoS Info Field会被来声明自己支持U-APSD功能。

QoS Info field when sent from WMM AP

U-APSD: 为1时代表支持U-APSD功能。
Parameter Set Count: 可以初始化为任意值，通常为0，每当AC Parameter变化时，这个值会自加。

当STA连接AP时，在Assocication request中会带QoS Info field。这里会告诉AP，STA是否支持trigger-enabled和delivery-enabled，以及每个服务周期AP最多能给STA发多少个MSDU 和MMSDU。这为后面的U-APSD功能打下基础。

QoS Info field when sent from WMM STA

Max SP Length subfield： 一个服务周期中，AP可以发给STA 最多发送多少个MSDU 和MMSDU。如下表。

AC_XX U-APSD Flag： 1- 对应的AC trigger-enabled和delivery-enabled。 0- 对应的AC non trigger-enabled和 non delivery-enabled。

U-APSD省电流程

  1. 当AP为STA缓存了包时，会在beacon帧的TIM中置位，通知STA，这个与传统省电模式一样。
  2. STA发送Trigger Frame with power bit =0 开启一个服务周期。Trigger Frame可以是一个QoS的Data，也可以是QoS的NUll data。AP会根据QoS Control Field中的UP字段确定发送哪个AC的缓存包。当这个服务周期结束前，STA将一直处于Active状态，等待收包。STA收到AP缓存包时，检查QoS Control Field中的EOSP字段，为1代表当前服务周期结束。

QoS Control Field

EOSP：End of Service Period，为1代表结束。
UP：是上层的优先级，0~7。通过802.1D映射到AC（BK/BE/VI/VO）。

  1. AP根据UP得出STA请求的AC，然后将该AC的缓存包发给STA。AP至少要发一个包或是发 Max SP Length个包。
  • 比如当AP发现STA请求的AC中没有任何包时，这时至少要发一个QoS Null data（more data bit=0 EOSP=1）。
  • 当然也有可能本服务周期结束时，缓存的data还没有传完，这时最后一包的data会是more data bit=1, EOSP=1，等待STA后面再发Trigger Frame。
  • AP可能遇到STA要求的AC没有trigger-enabled和delivery-enabled，这时也会发QoS Null data（more data bit=0 EOSP=1）。

最后用下图描述一次U-APSD的过程。

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}#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .statediagram-state rect.basic {rx: 5px;ry: 5px; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .statediagram-state rect.divider {stroke-dasharray: 10,10;fill: #efefef; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .note-edge {stroke-dasharray: 5; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .statediagram-note rect {fill: #fff5ad;stroke: #aaaa33;stroke-width: 1px;rx: 0;ry: 0; }:root {--mermaid-font-family: '"trebuchet ms", verdana, arial';--mermaid-font-family: "Comic Sans MS", "Comic Sans", cursive; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .error-icon {fill: #552222; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .error-text {fill: #552222;stroke: #552222; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .edge-thickness-normal {stroke-width: 2px; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .edge-thickness-thick {stroke-width: 3.5px; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .edge-pattern-solid {stroke-dasharray: 0; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .edge-pattern-dashed {stroke-dasharray: 3; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .edge-pattern-dotted {stroke-dasharray: 2; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .marker {fill: #333333; }#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX .marker.cross {stroke: #333333; }:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-u1hC8Zu0JF8zhlTX {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}APSTAbeacon(TIM IE)指示有缓存包，STA进入Active Modetrigger frame(UP=6 vo power bit=0)ackvo data1(more data=1 EOSP=0)ackvo data2(more data=1 EOSP=1)ack服务周期结束STA，但data还没有收完。trigger frame(UP=6 vo power bit=0)ackvo data3(more data=0 EOSP=1)ackdata收完，服务周期结束，STA进入Sleep Mode。APSTA

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