docker其他常用命令(kuangshenstudy)

一、后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d  镜像名
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d centos# 问题docker ps 发现 centos 停止了# 常见的坑 docker 容器使用后台运行 就必须要有一个前台进程, docker 发现没有应用了 就会自动停止
# nginx, 容器启动后, 发现自己没有提供服务， 就会立刻停止 ,就是没有程序了

二、查看日志

docker logs -f -t --tail  容器，没有日志# 显示日志
-tf                    # 显示全部日志
--tail number  # 要显示的日志条数[root@localhost ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 容器id

三、查看容器中进程信息

[root@localhost ~]# docker top 7f0ad55ec1e0
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                110821              110797              0                   20:35               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
[root@localhost ~]#

四、查看镜像的元数据

# 命令docker inspect  容器id# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 7f0ad55ec1e0
[{"Id": "7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac","Created": "2022-04-24T12:35:23.562758041Z","Path": "/bin/bash","Args": [],"State": {"Status": "running","Running": true,"Paused": false,"Restarting": false,"OOMKilled": false,"Dead": false,"Pid": 110821,"ExitCode": 0,"Error": "","StartedAt": "2022-04-24T12:35:23.907525511Z","FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"},"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6","ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac/resolv.conf","HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac/hostname","HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac/hosts","LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac/7f0ad55ec1e0ed1389e99c452b6882f6bc6de11f1d8ace6bac2cdd8618bbedac-json.log","Name": "/gracious_chaplygin","RestartCount": 0,"Driver": "overlay2","Platform": "linux","MountLabel": "","ProcessLabel": "","AppArmorProfile": "","ExecIDs": null,"HostConfig": {"Binds": null,"ContainerIDFile": "","LogConfig": {"Type": "json-file","Config": {}},"NetworkMode": "default","PortBindings": {},"RestartPolicy": {"Name": "no","MaximumRetryCount": 0},"AutoRemove": false,"VolumeDriver": "","VolumesFrom": null,"CapAdd": null,"CapDrop": null,"CgroupnsMode": "host","Dns": [],"DnsOptions": [],"DnsSearch": [],"ExtraHosts": null,"GroupAdd": null,"IpcMode": "private","Cgroup": "","Links": null,"OomScoreAdj": 0,"PidMode": "","Privileged": false,"PublishAllPorts": false,"ReadonlyRootfs": false,"SecurityOpt": null,"UTSMode": "","UsernsMode": "","ShmSize": 67108864,"Runtime": "runc","ConsoleSize": [0,0],"Isolation": "","CpuShares": 0,"Memory": 0,"NanoCpus": 0,"CgroupParent": "","BlkioWeight": 0,"BlkioWeightDevice": [],"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,"CpuPeriod": 0,"CpuQuota": 0,"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,"CpusetCpus": "","CpusetMems": "","Devices": [],"DeviceCgroupRules": null,"DeviceRequests": null,"KernelMemory": 0,"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,"MemoryReservation": 0,"MemorySwap": 0,"MemorySwappiness": null,"OomKillDisable": false,"PidsLimit": null,"Ulimits": null,"CpuCount": 0,"CpuPercent": 0,"IOMaximumIOps": 0,"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,"MaskedPaths": ["/proc/asound","/proc/acpi","/proc/kcore","/proc/keys","/proc/latency_stats","/proc/timer_list","/proc/timer_stats","/proc/sched_debug","/proc/scsi","/sys/firmware"],"ReadonlyPaths": ["/proc/bus","/proc/fs","/proc/irq","/proc/sys","/proc/sysrq-trigger"]},"GraphDriver": {"Data": {"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cb13d1ad8fe7e727e8f983434071369b35006ac76e7393def5c22217853ec3ea-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7de1532b2684cbcd8804ed749ae5d6cfc63838378bcd459b6786ea7f3bff6d4a/diff","MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cb13d1ad8fe7e727e8f983434071369b35006ac76e7393def5c22217853ec3ea/merged","UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cb13d1ad8fe7e727e8f983434071369b35006ac76e7393def5c22217853ec3ea/diff","WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/cb13d1ad8fe7e727e8f983434071369b35006ac76e7393def5c22217853ec3ea/work"},"Name": "overlay2"},"Mounts": [],"Config": {"Hostname": "7f0ad55ec1e0","Domainname": "","User": "","AttachStdin": true,"AttachStdout": true,"AttachStderr": true,"Tty": true,"OpenStdin": true,"StdinOnce": true,"Env": ["PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"],"Cmd": ["/bin/bash"],"Image": "centos","Volumes": null,"WorkingDir": "","Entrypoint": null,"OnBuild": null,"Labels": {"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915","org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2","org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image","org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0","org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"}},"NetworkSettings": {"Bridge": "","SandboxID": "01c1639b255aaad4b9aaafea45dcd0e8f4374cba898567662fcd52804f732a51","HairpinMode": false,"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "","LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"Ports": {},"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/01c1639b255a","SecondaryIPAddresses": null,"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,"EndpointID": "3ef7136919ae4a7f9ddeba57019f48cad63ec317425039a93e798d6be6f2a575","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","Networks": {"bridge": {"IPAMConfig": null,"Links": null,"Aliases": null,"NetworkID": "4b4a05c20a03870495c05983343e9a766d87928908ac59e102cf584405370872","EndpointID": "3ef7136919ae4a7f9ddeba57019f48cad63ec317425039a93e798d6be6f2a575","Gateway": "172.17.0.1","IPAddress": "172.17.0.2","IPPrefixLen": 16,"IPv6Gateway": "","GlobalIPv6Address": "","GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02","DriverOpts": null}}}}
]
[root@localhost ~]#

五、进入当前正在运行的容器

# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器 修改一些配置# 命令docker exec  -it  容器id  bashShell (/bin/bash)
# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
374fee09f8f4   centos    "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Up 5 minutes             youthful_shamir
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 374fee09f8f4 /bin/bash
[root@374fee09f8f4 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@374fee09f8f4 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 02:13 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         15      0  0 02:20 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         30     15  0 02:20 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@374fee09f8f4 /]# # 方式二
docker attach 容器id# 测试
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 374fee09f8f4
[root@374fee09f8f4 /]## docker exec -it        # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作
# docker attach          # 进入容器正在执行而定终端，不会启动新的进程！

六、从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器id：容器内路径  目的主机的路径# 进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost home]# docker run -it centos  /bin/bash
WARNING: IPv4 forwarding is disabled. Networking will not work.
[root@b177dc96f111 /]# cd /home
[root@b177dc96f111 home]# ls
# 在容器内新建一个文件
[root@b177dc96f111 home]# touch sha.java
[root@b177dc96f111 home]# exit
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a -n1
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
b177dc96f111   centos    "/bin/bash"   35 seconds ago   Exited (0) 14 seconds ago             strange_gates
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp b177dc96f111:/home/sha.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
sha  sha.java
[root@localhost home]# # 拷贝是一个手动过程，未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术，可以实现

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