使用c#中的HttpWebRequest实现12306余票查询

准备工作

下载用于解析JSON的类库(Newtonsoft.Json.dll)(下载地址:Newtonsoft.Json.dll)；
在C#项目中添加对其的引用。

在程序中导入命名空间:

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Xml;

思路

API地址

在浏览器中打开12306主页，点击余票查询，并使用浏览器中的开发者工具，进行抓包。这里，我们查询的是2018.06.25的上海至长沙的车票信息。

此时浏览器发送请求的地址为：
https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date=2018-06-25&leftTicketDTO.from_station=SHH&leftTicketDTO.to_station=CSQ&purpose_codes=ADULT
由此,我们不难分析出API地址为：

1
2

string url="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={0}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={1}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={2}&purpose_codes={3}";
url=string.Format(url,date,from,to,id);

其中，date代表出发日(格式为yyyy-MM-dd),from代表出发站的代码，to代表到达站的代码，id代表车票类型(成人为ADULT,学生为OX00);

车站代码

车站对应的代码可在此下载:https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9055
我们可以使用正则表达式从中提取出关键信息，并保存在一个XML文档中，便于以后的使用。

     public static void StationNameXml(){string nowpath = Environment.CurrentDirectory;if (Directory.Exists(nowpath+"/Data")==false)Directory.CreateDirectory(nowpath + "/Data");//创建新路径if (File.Exists(nowpath + "/Data/StationName.xml") == true)return;HttpWebRequest request;HttpWebResponse response;string url=@"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9055";request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);request.Method = "GET";request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36";string str = string.Empty;try{response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK){StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));str = sr.ReadToEnd();sr.Close();response.Close();//关闭response响应流}elsethrow new Exception();}catch(Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}string pattern = @"@\S{2,5}?[|](?<Name>\S{1,8}?)[|](?<Code>\S{3,5}?)[|]";Regex r = new Regex(pattern, RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();XmlDeclaration xmldecl;xmldecl = xmldoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", null);//加入XML的声明段落xmldoc.AppendChild(xmldecl);XmlElement root = xmldoc.CreateElement("", "Dict", "");//加入一个根元素xmldoc.AppendChild(root);MatchCollection mc = r.Matches(str);foreach (Match m in mc){GroupCollection group = m.Groups;XmlNode node = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Pair", null);XmlNode temp = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Station", null);temp.InnerText = group["Name"].Value; node.AppendChild(temp);XmlNode temp2 = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Code", null);temp2.InnerText = group["Code"].Value;node.AppendChild(temp2);root.AppendChild(node);}xmldoc.Save(nowpath+"/Data/"+"StationName.xml");}

依据中文车站名获取对应车站代码的方法为:

private static string StationCode(string StationName)
{XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();doc.Load(Environment.CurrentDirectory + "/Data/StationName.xml");XmlNodeList data = doc.DocumentElement.ChildNodes;foreach (XmlNode node in data){XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)node;XmlNodeList xnl0 = xe.ChildNodes;string s = xnl0.Item(0).InnerText;if(s==StationName){return xnl0.Item(1).InnerText;}}return string.Empty;
}

数据模型

为了存储查询结果，我们需要构建一个车票的数据模型，具体如下；

  public class Ticket{#region 数据模型private string trainid=string.Empty;//车次private string fromstation = "--";//出发站private string totation = "--";//到达站private string ticketdate = string.Empty;//车票日期private string starttime = "--";//发车时间private string arrivetime = "--";//到达时间private string lastedtime = "--";//历时private string tzNum = "--";//特等座private string ydNum = "--";//一等座private string edNum = "--";//二等座private string grwNum = "--";//高级软卧private string rwNum = "--";//软卧private string dwNum = "--";//动卧private string ywNum = "--";//硬卧private string rzNum = "--";//软座private string yzNum = "--";//硬座private string wzNum = "--";//无座private string qtNum = "--";//其他private string identity = string.Empty;//车票类型(学生/成人)public string TrainId { get { return trainid; } set { trainid = value; } }public string FromStation { get { return fromstation; } set { fromstation = value; } }public string ToStation { get { return totation; } set { totation = value; } }public string TicketDate { get { return ticketdate; } set { ticketdate = value; } }public string StartTime { get { return starttime; } set { starttime = value; } }public string ArriveTime { get { return arrivetime; }set { arrivetime = value; } }public string LastedTime { get { return lastedtime; } set { lastedtime = value; } }public string TzNum { get { return tzNum; } set { tzNum = value; } }public string YdNum { get { return ydNum; } set { ydNum = value; } }public string EdNum { get { return edNum; } set { edNum = value; } }public string GrwNum { get { return grwNum; } set { grwNum = value; } }public string RwNum { get { return rwNum; } set { rwNum = value; } }public string DwNum { get { return dwNum; } set { dwNum = value; } }public string YwNum {get{ return ywNum; }set{ ywNum = value; } }public string RzNum {get{ return rzNum; }set{ rzNum = value; } }public string YzNum {get{ return yzNum; }set{ yzNum = value; } }public string WzNum {get{ return wzNum; }set{ wzNum = value; } }public string QtNum {get{ return qtNum; }set{ qtNum = value; } }public string Identity { get { return identity; }set { identity = value; } }#endregionpublic Ticket() { }public Dictionary<string, string> getMap(){Dictionary<string, string> result = new Dictionary<string, string>();result.Add("车次", trainid);result.Add("出发站", FromStation);result.Add("到达站", ToStation);result.Add("发车时间", StartTime);result.Add("到达时间", ArriveTime);result.Add("历时", LastedTime);result.Add("特等座", TzNum);result.Add("一等座", YdNum);result.Add("二等座", EdNum);result.Add("高级软卧", GrwNum);result.Add("软卧", RwNum);result.Add("动卧", DwNum);result.Add("硬卧", YwNum);result.Add("软座", RzNum);result.Add("硬座", YzNum);result.Add("无座", WzNum);result.Add("其他", QtNum);return result;}
}

解析JSON

返回的报文为一个JSON格式的字符串，里面包含有各类车票信息、发车时间以及历时，为了对其进行解析，我们需要下载一个用于解析JSON的类库(下载地址:Newtonsoft.Json.dll)

private static Ticket[] SpiderTicket(string date, string from, string to, string id){HttpWebRequest request;HttpWebResponse response;string url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={0}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={1}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={2}&purpose_codes={3}";url = string.Format(url, date, from, to, id);request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);request.Method = "GET";request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36";string str = string.Empty;try{response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK){StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));str = sr.ReadToEnd();sr.Close();response.Close();//关闭response响应流}elsethrow new Exception();}catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}Dictionary<string, string> map=new Dictionary<string, string>();//保存返回的JSON串中的车站代码与车站名之间的映ArrayList AllTicket = new ArrayList();//所有的车票信息JObject jo = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(str);JToken record = jo["data"]["map"];foreach (JProperty item in record){map.Add(item.Name.ToString(), item.Value.ToString());}record = jo["data"]["result"];foreach (string s in record){string[] result = s.Split('|');Ticket t = new Ticket();t.TrainId = result[3];t.FromStation = map[result[6]];t.ToStation = map[result[7]];t.StartTime = result[8];t.ArriveTime = result[9];t.LastedTime = result[10];t.TicketDate = result[13];t.DwNum = result[33] != "" ? result[33] : t.DwNum;t.TzNum = result[32] != "" ? result[32] : t.TzNum;t.YdNum = result[31] != "" ? result[31] : t.YdNum;t.EdNum = result[30] != "" ? result[30] : t.EdNum;t.YzNum = result[29] != "" ? result[29] : t.YzNum;t.YwNum = result[28] != "" ? result[28] : t.YwNum;t.WzNum = result[26] != "" ? result[26] : t.WzNum;t.RzNum = result[24] != "" ? result[24] : t.RzNum;t.RwNum = result[23] != "" ? result[23] : t.RwNum;t.GrwNum = result[21] != "" ? result[21] : t.GrwNum;AllTicket.Add(t);}Ticket[] All = new Ticket[AllTicket.Count];int flag = 0;foreach (object t in AllTicket){All[flag++] = t as Ticket;}return All;}

效果图

项目地址:EasyLife

参考博客

C#调用12306API做余票查询(该参考博客中的方法已不可用)

完整代码

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using Newtonsoft.Json.Linq;
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Net;
using System.Text;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Xml;namespace Ticket
{class Program{public static void StationNameXml(){string nowpath = Environment.CurrentDirectory;if (Directory.Exists(nowpath + "/Data") == false)Directory.CreateDirectory(nowpath + "/Data");//创建新路径if (File.Exists(nowpath + "/Data/StationName.xml") == true)return;HttpWebRequest request;HttpWebResponse response;string url = @"https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/resources/js/framework/station_name.js?station_version=1.9055";request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);request.Method = "GET";request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36";string str = string.Empty;try{response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK){StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));str = sr.ReadToEnd();sr.Close();response.Close();//关闭response响应流}elsethrow new Exception();}catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}string pattern = @"@\S{2,5}?[|](?<Name>\S{1,8}?)[|](?<Code>\S{3,5}?)[|]";Regex r = new Regex(pattern, RegexOptions.ExplicitCapture);XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();XmlDeclaration xmldecl;xmldecl = xmldoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "UTF-8", null);//加入XML的声明段落xmldoc.AppendChild(xmldecl);XmlElement root = xmldoc.CreateElement("", "Dict", "");//加入一个根元素xmldoc.AppendChild(root);MatchCollection mc = r.Matches(str);foreach (Match m in mc){GroupCollection group = m.Groups;XmlNode node = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Pair", null);XmlNode temp = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Station", null);temp.InnerText = group["Name"].Value;node.AppendChild(temp);XmlNode temp2 = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Code", null);temp2.InnerText = group["Code"].Value;node.AppendChild(temp2);root.AppendChild(node);}xmldoc.Save(nowpath + "/Data/" + "StationName.xml");}private static string StationCode(string StationName){XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();doc.Load(Environment.CurrentDirectory + "/Data/StationName.xml");XmlNodeList data = doc.DocumentElement.ChildNodes;foreach (XmlNode node in data){XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)node;XmlNodeList xnl0 = xe.ChildNodes;string s = xnl0.Item(0).InnerText;if (s == StationName){return xnl0.Item(1).InnerText;}}return string.Empty;}private static Ticket[] SpiderTicket(string date, string from, string to, string id){HttpWebRequest request;HttpWebResponse response;string url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/query?leftTicketDTO.train_date={0}&leftTicketDTO.from_station={1}&leftTicketDTO.to_station={2}&purpose_codes={3}";url = string.Format(url, date, from, to, id);request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);request.Method = "GET";request.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;request.UserAgent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/64.0.3282.186 Safari/537.36";string str = string.Empty;try{response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();if (response.StatusCode == HttpStatusCode.OK){StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("UTF-8"));str = sr.ReadToEnd();sr.Close();response.Close();//关闭response响应流}elsethrow new Exception();}catch (Exception e){Console.WriteLine(e.Message);}Dictionary<string, string> map=new Dictionary<string, string>();//保存返回的JSON串中的车站代码与车站名之间的映ArrayList AllTicket = new ArrayList();//所有的车票信息JObject jo = (JObject)JsonConvert.DeserializeObject(str);JToken record = jo["data"]["map"];foreach (JProperty item in record){map.Add(item.Name.ToString(), item.Value.ToString());}record = jo["data"]["result"];foreach (string s in record){string[] result = s.Split('|');Ticket t = new Ticket();t.TrainId = result[3];t.FromStation = map[result[6]];t.ToStation = map[result[7]];t.StartTime = result[8];t.ArriveTime = result[9];t.LastedTime = result[10];t.TicketDate = result[13];t.DwNum = result[33] != "" ? result[33] : t.DwNum;t.TzNum = result[32] != "" ? result[32] : t.TzNum;t.YdNum = result[31] != "" ? result[31] : t.YdNum;t.EdNum = result[30] != "" ? result[30] : t.EdNum;t.YzNum = result[29] != "" ? result[29] : t.YzNum;t.YwNum = result[28] != "" ? result[28] : t.YwNum;t.WzNum = result[26] != "" ? result[26] : t.WzNum;t.RzNum = result[24] != "" ? result[24] : t.RzNum;t.RwNum = result[23] != "" ? result[23] : t.RwNum;t.GrwNum = result[21] != "" ? result[21] : t.GrwNum;AllTicket.Add(t);}Ticket[] All = new Ticket[AllTicket.Count];int flag = 0;foreach (object t in AllTicket){All[flag++] = t as Ticket;}return All;}static void Main(string[] args){StationNameXml();string from = "上海";string to = "北京";Ticket[] All=new Ticket[50];All=SpiderTicket(DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"), StationCode(from), StationCode(to), "ADULT");for(int i=0;i<All.Length;i++){Dictionary<string, string> map = new Dictionary<string, string>();map = All[i].getMap();foreach (object j in map.Keys)Console.Write(j.ToString()+":"+map[j.ToString()].ToString()+" ");Console.WriteLine();}Console.Read();}}
}