什么是驱动程序？

驱动(Driver)可以简单理解为设备的操作程序，通常驱动是要符合操作系统规范的。

情景一：没有操作系统的情况(裸机)

应用通过直接操作接口来发送命令编码，这一过程需要开发人员熟悉数据手册。
设备通过接口接收命令，直接执行
最后把命令封装成函数，形成库

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命令

设备

接口

应用

情景二：应用基于操作系统

设备的驱动按照OS规范进行编写，并安装注册到操作系统
应用的调用会传递到操作系统，进而调用驱动程序来操作设备。

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设备

驱动

应用

[1]. 搭建Windows驱动开发环境

早期的windows驱动开发是基于WDM(Windows Driver Model)的，开发难度大。
最新官方推荐的是基于WDF(Windows Driver Foundation)的，有两种模式KMDF(Kernel-Mode内核模式驱动)和UMDF(User-Mode用户模式驱动)。

环境搭建的步骤如下：

安装Visual Studio (配置C++环境)以及Windows SDK版本
下载安装对应SDK版本的Windows Driver Kit (WDK)，安装程序会检测是否已安装对应的SDK
WDK安装完成会弹出提示，安装VS插件，选择安装

本机采用(适用于 Windows 10 版本 1903 的 WDK)和(Windows SDK 10.0.18362.0)，IDE使用VS2019进行开发测试,系统和驱动均为64位。

[2]. 第一个驱动程序

打开Visual Stuido 2019，可以创建UMDF和KMDF模板项目、WDM空项目，我们直接使用模板创建项目。

创建 User-Mode Driver (UMDF V2) 项目
修改配置为Debug模式 x64
编译生成
安装inf，需要注意的是此时驱动并没有合法的签名，安装会报错(x64)

[3]. 双机调试

安装VMWare虚拟机，以及需要调试的目标(测试)主机系统，配置需要的驱动设备
测试主机开启调试模式，以及安装WDK Test Target到测试主机
在开发主机VS上添加和配置设备
VS部署到测试主机，使用附加到进程Kernel的方式调试(前提是驱动安装到目标机)

参考

Windows 驱动程序入门

总结

Windows驱动开发是一门相对入门比较难的技术，微软对系统做了安全限制，因为驱动处于系统较底层，若没有有效的安全机制将会导致入侵计算机的可能性增大。微软的官方文档的操作很全面和详细了，在这里就只记录简化的步骤。
接触驱动，要保持足够的耐心，驱动不难，贵在坚持。

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