首先准备一个liunx镜像和一台安装好虚拟机的电脑。

配置好虚拟机，选在稍后安装。选择镜像文件，开启虚拟机进行安装。

配置yum源。首先插入光盘。由于是虚拟机，用的光盘镜像，

在/mnt/下面创建一个文件夹yum 。      复制所有光盘里的内容到/mnt/yum   cp -rf /media/RHEL_5.9\ x86_64\ DVD/*  /mnt/yum

用vim编辑器配置文件   vim /etc/yum.repo.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo配置如下：

[rhel]

name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux

baseurl=file:///mnt/yum/Server

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

查看yum配置情况

root@localhost ~]# yum repolist

rhel                                                   | 1.5 kB     00:00

rhel/primary                                           | 932 kB     00:00

rhel                                                                3335/3335

repo id                    repo name                                    status

rhel                       Red Hat Enterprise Linux                     3,335

yum配置成功。

6。查看当前主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

localhost.localdomain

7。修改主机名

[root@localhost ~]# hostname weiliyang.nsd1405.com

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

weiliyang.nsd1405.com

8.查看当前ip地址

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:55:29:F0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:29f0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:27 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:11674 (11.4 KiB)  TX bytes:5927 (5.7 KiB)

9.修改主机ip地址，临时设置为192.168.1.10

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10/24

[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0C:29:55:29:F0

inet addr:192.168.1.10  Bcast:192.168.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe55:29f0/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1

RX packets:117 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:38 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:11674 (11.4 KiB)  TX bytes:8275 (8.0 KiB)

10.查看cpu信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo

processor       : 0

vendor_id       : GenuineIntel

cpu family      : 6

model           : 37

model name      : Intel(R) Core(TM) i3 CPU       M 350  @ 2.27GHz

stepping        : 2

cpu MHz         : 2261.002

cache size      : 3072 KB

11.查看内存信息

[root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:       507508 kB

MemFree:         39700 kB

Buffers:          5256 kB

Cached:         187540 kB

SwapCached:          0 kB

Active:         293652 kB

Inactive:       105868 kB

12.查看系统具体属于RedHat哪一个版本

[root@localhost ~]# lsb_release  -d

Description:    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikang

13.查看当前系统时间

[root@localhost ~]# date

2014年 07月 06日 星期日 17:22:52 CST

14.列出/etc目录属性

drwxr-xr-x 102 root root 12288 07-06 16:43 /etc/

15.递归显示/boot下的目录和文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls  -R /boot/

/boot/:

config-2.6.18-348.el5      lost+found                 vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

grub                       symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img  System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

/boot/grub:

device.map     grub.conf         minix_stage1_5     stage2

e2fs_stage1_5  iso9660_stage1_5  reiserfs_stage1_5  ufs2_stage1_5

fat_stage1_5   jfs_stage1_5      splash.xpm.gz      vstafs_stage1_5

ffs_stage1_5   menu.lst          stage1             xfs_stage1_5

/boot/lost+found:

15.显示root下面所有文件包括隐藏文件

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a /boot/

.                          lost+found

..                         symvers-2.6.18-348.el5.gz

config-2.6.18-348.el5      System.map-2.6.18-348.el5

grub                       vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5

initrd-2.6.18-348.el5.img  .vmlinuz-2.6.18-348.el5.hmac

16.进入/tmp目录，删除所有文件和目录，创建file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file13.txt filea.txt            fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]# cd /tmp/

[root@localhost tmp]# rm -rf *

[root@localhost tmp]# touch file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt file13.txt filea.txt          fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]#

[root@localhost tmp]# ls

file13.txt  file1.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt  fileab.txt  filea.txt

17.显示file开头的，以.txt结尾的，中间2个字符的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file??.txt

file13.txt  fileab.txt

[root@localhost tmp]#

18.显示file开头的，以.txt结尾的，中间是单个数字的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file[0-9].txt

file1.txt  file2.txt  file3.txt

19.显示file开头的，以.txt结尾的，中间部分可能是1 3 a ab的文件

[root@localhost tmp]# ls file{1,3,a,ab}.txt

file1.txt  file3.txt  fileab.txt  filea.txt

20.查看/boot和/etc/pki分别占用多大空间

[root@localhost tmp]# du -sh  /root/

385M    /root/

[root@localhost tmp]# du -sh /etc/pki/

792K    /etc/pki/

21.查看/etc/passwd前5行

[root@localhost tmp]# head -5 /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

22.查看/etc/passwd尾5行

[root@localhost tmp]# tail -5 /etc/passwd

haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:100:159:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

23.查看/etc/passwd的第8-12行

[root@localhost tmp]# head -12 /etc/passwd|tail -5 /etc/passwd

haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:100:159:avahi-autoipd:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/gdm:/sbin/nologin

sabayon:x:86:86:Sabayon user:/home/sabayon:/sbin/nologin

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

24.统计系统中有多少个账户

[root@localhost tmp]# cat -n /etc/passwd|wc -l

35

25.计算/etc目录下.conf配置文件的个数

[root@localhost tmp]# ls /etc/*.conf|wc -l

48

26.显示/etc/passwd中以root开头的内容

[root@localhost tmp]# grep ^root /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

27.显示/etc/passwd中以bash结尾的内容

[root@localhost tmp]# grep bash$ /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

weiliyang:x:500:500::/home/weiliyang:/bin/bash

28.分别使用gzip和bzip2和zip对/root/gztest.txt进行压缩和解压

gzip压缩

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  gztext.txt  install.log  install.log.syslog  lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# gzip -9 gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  gztext.txt.gz  install.log.syslog

Desktop          install.log    lianxi

gunzip解压

[root@localhost ~]# gunzip gztext.txt.gz

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  gztext.txt  install.log  install.log.syslog  lianxi

gzip2压缩

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  gztext.txt  install.log  install.log.syslog  lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# bzip2 gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  gztext.txt.bz2  install.log.syslog

Desktop          install.log     lianxi

gzip2解压

[root@localhost ~]# bunzip2 gztext.txt.bz2

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  gztext.txt  install.log  install.log.syslog  lianxi

tar压缩

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  Desktop  gztext.txt  install.log  install.log.syslog  lianxi

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcf gztext.txt.tar.gz gztext.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  gztext.txt         install.log         lianxi

Desktop          gztext.txt.tar.gz  install.log.syslog

tar解压

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxf gztext.txt.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# ls

anaconda-ks.cfg  gztext.txt         install.log         lianxi

Desktop          gztext.txt.tar.gz  install.log.syslog

29.把/etc/mail打包并压缩到/root/mail.tar.gz

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcf /root/mail.tar.gz /etc/mail

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/

anaconda-ks.cfg  -D       gztext.txt         install.log         lianxi

-d               Desktop  gztext.txt.tar.gz  install.log.syslog  mail.tar.gz

30,把/etc/mail打包并压缩到/root/mail.tar.bz2

[root@localhost ~]# tar jcf /root/mail.tar.bz2 /etc/mail

[root@localhost ~]# ls /root/

anaconda-ks.cfg  -D       gztext.txt         install.log         lianxi

-d               Desktop  gztext.txt.tar.gz  install.log.syslog  mail.tar.bz2

31.将mail.tar.gz解压到/tmp下，递归查看/tmp/etc下的内容，然后删除/tmp/etc目录

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxf mail.tar.gz -C /tmp/

递归查看/tmp/etc

[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /tmp/

/tmp/etc:

mail

/tmp/etc/mail:

access          helpfile          Makefile     submit.mc

access.db       local-host-names  sendmail.cf  trusted-users

domaintable     mailertable       sendmail.mc  virtusertable

domaintable.db  mailertable.db    submit.cf    virtusertable.db

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /tmp/etc/

[root@localhost ~]# ls -R /tmp/

/tmp/:

file13.txt  file2.txt  fileab.txt  scim-bridge-0.3.0.lockfile-0@localhost:0.0

file1.txt   file3.txt  filea.txt

32.分别查看mail.tar.gz与mail.tar.bz2文件里面内容

[root@localhost ~]# file mail.tar.gz

mail.tar.gz: gzip compressed data, from Unix, last modified: Sun Jul  6 19:38:22 2014

[root@localhost ~]# file mail.tar.bz2

mail.tar.bz2: bzip2 compressed data, block size = 900k

33.

创建账户

student

stu01，宿主目录设为/opt/stu01

[root@localhost ~]# useradd  -d /opt/stu01 stu01

stu02，uid为10001，账户在2015-06-30号过期，基本组设为stu01

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -u 10002 -g stu01 -e 2015-06-30 stu02

sys01，不用于登录

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin sys01

sys02，不创建宿主目录

[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M sys02

33.查看/etc/passwd文件的第一行

[root@localhost ~]# head -1 /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

34.查看/etc/shadow文件的第一行

[root@localhost ~]# head -1 /etc/shadow

root:$1$1FskXDzB$KJvDMEmf8TKu18qJvd2nO0:16247:0:99999:7:::

35.针对student操作

设置密码为123456，然后用student登录自己修改密码

[root@localhost ~]# passwd student

Changing password for user student.

New UNIX password:

BAD PASSWORD: it is too simplistic/systematic

Retype new UNIX password:

passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

清空student的密码，查看/etc/shadow里面与student相关的内容

清空前

[root@localhost ~]# grep student /etc/shadow

student:$1$dgLGRByb$xJrSGtmn7MSWlhA6zqMbR1:16257:0:99999:7:::

清空后

[root@localhost ~]# passwd -d student

Removing password for user student.

passwd: Success

[root@localhost ~]# grep student /etc/shadow

student::16257:0:99999:7:::

36.手动创建用户的过程 (禁止useradd)

1)、/etc/passwd

/etc/shadow

/etc/group

/etc/gshadow

2)、/home/xxxx

3)、/var/spool/mail/xxxx

4)、/etc/skel/.*

5)、权限

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/passwd

yang:x:10005:10005::/homeyang:bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/shadow

yang:!!:16258:0:99999:7:::

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/group

yang:x:10005:

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/gshadow

yang:!::

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /home/yang

[root@weiliyang weiliyang]# touch /var/spool/mail/yang

37.为虚拟机添加一块80GB、SCSI接口的硬盘

划分2个20GB的主分区，剩余作为扩展分区

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb

Disk /dev/sdb: 85.8 GB, 85899345920 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders

Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table

fdisk /dev/sdb

按n键添加分区

Command (m for help): n

Command action        (e为交换分区，p为主分区)

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 3  (输入分区编号)

First cylinder (4867-10443, default 4867): (规划分区大小)

Using default value 4867

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (4867-10443, default 10443): +20g

38.添加交换分区

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e   extended

p   primary partition (1-4)

e

Selected partition 4

First cylinder (7300-10443, default 7300):

Using default value 7300

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (7300-10443, default 10443):

Using default value 10443

p查看分区列表

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sdb1               1        2433    19543041   83  Linux

/dev/sdb2            2434        4866    19543072+  83  Linux

/dev/sdb3            4867       10443    44797252+   5  Extended

/dev/sdb5            4867        7299    19543041   83  Linux

/dev/sdb6            7300        8516     9775521   83  Linux

39.将第一个逻辑分区类型改为swap(id=82)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 5

Hex code (type L to list codes): 82

Changed system type of partition 5 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)

40.将第二个逻辑分区类型改为vfat(id=b或c)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 6

Hex code (type L to list codes): b

Changed system type of partition 6 to b (W95 FAT32)

41.按w保存退出

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: If you have created or modified any DOS 6.x

partitions, please see the fdisk manual page for additional

information.

Syncing disks.

42.使用partprobe更新分区表【最好是重启一次】

[root@localhost ~]# partprobe

[root@localhost ~]#

43.将/dev/sdb1格式化成ext3分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

2443200 inodes, 4885760 blocks

244288 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296

150 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

16288 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,

4096000

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

44.将/dev/sdb6格式化成FAT32分区

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb6

mkfs.vfat 2.11 (12 Mar 2005)

45.将/dev/sdb1挂载到/mnt/part1，在这个挂载目录新建一个file.txt文件和一个now的目录

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/part1/

[root@localhost ~]# mount|grep sdb1

/dev/sdb1 on /mnt/part1 type ext3 (rw)

在/mnt/part1/下建立一个新的测试文件并查看

[root@localhost ~]# touch /mnt/part1/file.txt

[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/part1/

file.txt  lost+found

46.分别卸载/dev/sdb1、/dev/sdb6

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb1

[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/sdb6