文章目录

  • 具有大量准确标注数据
  • 具有小量准确标注数据
    • 基于规则的数据增强
    • 筛选高概率的数据增强
    • 图像数据增强
    • 逆离散化or上采样
    • 迁移学习
  • 数据含有标注,但与业务需求不完全相符
    • 标注粒度过粗
    • 标注元数不同
  • 标注数据含噪音
  • 无标注数据
    • 半监督学习方案
    • 无监督学习方案
  • 文本数据
    • 结构化文本数据
    • 非结构化文本数据
    • 半结构化文本数据

具有大量准确标注数据

具有大量准确标注数据时,优先使用监督学习的解决方案。
实际工作中,待测数据可能已知,也可能未知,其监督学习方法可以有所不同。

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训练
预测
特征工程
训练
训练
预测
待测数据未知
标注数据
有监督学习模型
未知数据
待测数据已知
未标注数据+标注数据
特征
有监督学习模型
标注数据
未标注数据

具有小量准确标注数据

基于规则的数据增强

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基于规则生成
训练
预测
未标注数据
非人工的标注数据
混合标注数据
标注数据
模型
未标注数据+未知数据

筛选高概率的数据增强

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训练
筛选高概率
训练
预测
标注数据
模型1
非人工的标注数据
混合标注数据
标注数据
模型2
未标注数据+未知数据

图像数据增强

缩放、旋转、翻转、位移、裁剪…

逆离散化or上采样

均匀逆离散化、随机逆离散化、偏态逆离散化、线性插值…

迁移学习

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.edge-pattern-dashed{stroke-dasharray:3}#mermaid-svg-hGcFxmlwt8rBwiBl .edge-pattern-dotted{stroke-dasharray:2}#mermaid-svg-hGcFxmlwt8rBwiBl .marker{fill:#333}#mermaid-svg-hGcFxmlwt8rBwiBl .marker.cross{stroke:#333}:root { --mermaid-font-family: "trebuchet ms", verdana, arial;}#mermaid-svg-hGcFxmlwt8rBwiBl {color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75);font: ;}

训练
训练
预测
外部标注数据
模型1
少量内部标注数据
模型2
组合模型
未标注数据

数据含有标注,但与业务需求不完全相符

标注粒度过粗

例如,已有标签是【经济、体育】,业务需求则是【股票、债券、基金、足球、篮球、网球】。

标注元数不同

标注数据为一元多标签,业务需求是多元多标签

例如,已有标注是每篇文章只有一个主题【汽车、手机、娱乐】,业务场景是一篇文章可能同时含有【娱乐】和【手机】两个主题。

标注数据含噪音

原因:
标注人员不够专业导致误判
标注人员疲劳或注意力分散导致随机错误
众包标注

无标注数据

半监督学习方案

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规则生成
训练
预测
未标注数据
非人工的标注数据
模型
未标注数据

无监督学习方案

聚类算法
TFIDF
词向量
主题模型
线性判别式分析

文本数据

结构化文本数据

具有严格的格式

规则的表格数据

非结构化文本数据

自由文本,没有严格的格式

小说、新闻、散文…

半结构化文本数据

介于结构化和非结构化之间
文本简短,含有大量单词或词组
同类的半结构化文本格式相似
有些是不规则表格,可以借助分隔符或边界

XML文档JSON文档
日志、简历、发票、处方单、体检表、化验单…

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