openGL编程学习(3):太阳、地球、月亮（含自转和公转）和航天飞机
2024-05-31 03:25:37
太阳、地球和月亮的显示
sphere.h
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
class Sphere
{private:int numVertices;int numIndices;std::vector<int> indices;std::vector<glm::vec3> vertices;std::vector<glm::vec2> texCoords;std::vector<glm::vec3> normals;std::vector<glm::vec3> tangents;void init(int);float toRadians(float degrees);public:Sphere();Sphere(int prec);int getNumVertices();int getNumIndices();std::vector<int> getIndices();std::vector<glm::vec3> getVertices();std::vector<glm::vec2> getTexCoords();std::vector<glm::vec3> getNormals();std::vector<glm::vec3> getTangents();
};
sphere.cpp
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include "Sphere.h"
using namespace std;Sphere::Sphere() {init(48);
}Sphere::Sphere(int prec) {init(prec);
}float Sphere::toRadians(float degrees) { return (degrees * 2.0f * 3.14159f) / 360.0f; }void Sphere::init(int prec) {numVertices = (prec + 1) * (prec + 1);numIndices = prec * prec * 6;for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) { vertices.push_back(glm::vec3()); }for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) { texCoords.push_back(glm::vec2()); }for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) { normals.push_back(glm::vec3()); }for (int i = 0; i < numVertices; i++) { tangents.push_back(glm::vec3()); }for (int i = 0; i < numIndices; i++) { indices.push_back(0); }// calculate triangle verticesfor (int i = 0; i <= prec; i++) {for (int j = 0; j <= prec; j++) {float y = (float)cos(toRadians(180.0f - i * 180.0f / prec));float x = -(float)cos(toRadians(j*360.0f / prec))*(float)abs(cos(asin(y)));float z = (float)sin(toRadians(j*360.0f / (float)(prec)))*(float)abs(cos(asin(y)));vertices[i*(prec + 1) + j] = glm::vec3(x, y, z);texCoords[i*(prec + 1) + j] = glm::vec2(((float)j / prec), ((float)i / prec));normals[i*(prec + 1) + j] = glm::vec3(x, y, z);// calculate tangent vectorif (((x == 0) && (y == 1) && (z == 0)) || ((x == 0) && (y == -1) && (z == 0))) {tangents[i*(prec + 1) + j] = glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f);}else {tangents[i*(prec + 1) + j] = glm::cross(glm::vec3(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(x, y, z));}}}// calculate triangle indicesfor (int i = 0; i<prec; i++) {for (int j = 0; j<prec; j++) {indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 0] = i*(prec + 1) + j;indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 1] = i*(prec + 1) + j + 1;indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 2] = (i + 1)*(prec + 1) + j;indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 3] = i*(prec + 1) + j + 1;indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 4] = (i + 1)*(prec + 1) + j + 1;indices[6 * (i*prec + j) + 5] = (i + 1)*(prec + 1) + j;}}
}int Sphere::getNumVertices() { return numVertices; }
int Sphere::getNumIndices() { return numIndices; }
std::vector<int> Sphere::getIndices() { return indices; }
std::vector<glm::vec3> Sphere::getVertices() { return vertices; }
std::vector<glm::vec2> Sphere::getTexCoords() { return texCoords; }
std::vector<glm::vec3> Sphere::getNormals() { return normals; }
std::vector<glm::vec3> Sphere::getTangents() { return tangents; }
Utils.h
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2\soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <vector>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp>class Utils
{private:static std::string readShaderFile(const char *filePath);static void printShaderLog(GLuint shader);static void printProgramLog(int prog);static GLuint prepareShader(int shaderTYPE, const char *shaderPath);static int finalizeShaderProgram(GLuint sprogram);public:Utils();static bool checkOpenGLError();static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *fp);static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *gp, const char *fp);static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, const char *fp);static GLuint createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, char *gp, const char *fp);static GLuint loadTexture(const char *texImagePath);static GLuint loadCubeMap(const char *mapDir);static float* goldAmbient();static float* goldDiffuse();static float* goldSpecular();static float goldShininess();static float* silverAmbient();static float* silverDiffuse();static float* silverSpecular();static float silverShininess();static float* bronzeAmbient();static float* bronzeDiffuse();static float* bronzeSpecular();static float bronzeShininess();
};
Utils.cpp
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2\soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp> // glm::value_ptr
#include <glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::perspective
#include "Utils.h"
using namespace std;Utils::Utils() {}string Utils::readShaderFile(const char *filePath) {string content;ifstream fileStream(filePath, ios::in);string line = "";while (!fileStream.eof()) {getline(fileStream, line);content.append(line + "\n");}fileStream.close();return content;
}bool Utils::checkOpenGLError() {bool foundError = false;int glErr = glGetError();while (glErr != GL_NO_ERROR) {cout << "glError: " << glErr << endl;foundError = true;glErr = glGetError();}return foundError;
}void Utils::printShaderLog(GLuint shader) {int len = 0;int chWrittn = 0;char *log;glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len);if (len > 0) {log = (char *)malloc(len);glGetShaderInfoLog(shader, len, &chWrittn, log);cout << "Shader Info Log: " << log << endl;free(log);}
}GLuint Utils::prepareShader(int shaderTYPE, const char *shaderPath)
{ GLint shaderCompiled;string shaderStr = readShaderFile(shaderPath);const char *shaderSrc = shaderStr.c_str();GLuint shaderRef = glCreateShader(shaderTYPE);glShaderSource(shaderRef, 1, &shaderSrc, NULL);glCompileShader(shaderRef);checkOpenGLError();glGetShaderiv(shaderRef, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &shaderCompiled);if (shaderCompiled != 1){ if (shaderTYPE == 35633) cout << "Vertex ";if (shaderTYPE == 36488) cout << "Tess Control ";if (shaderTYPE == 36487) cout << "Tess Eval ";if (shaderTYPE == 36313) cout << "Geometry ";if (shaderTYPE == 35632) cout << "Fragment ";cout << "shader compilation error." << endl;printShaderLog(shaderRef);}return shaderRef;
}void Utils::printProgramLog(int prog) {int len = 0;int chWrittn = 0;char *log;glGetProgramiv(prog, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &len);if (len > 0) {log = (char *)malloc(len);glGetProgramInfoLog(prog, len, &chWrittn, log);cout << "Program Info Log: " << log << endl;free(log);}
}int Utils::finalizeShaderProgram(GLuint sprogram)
{ GLint linked;glLinkProgram(sprogram);checkOpenGLError();glGetProgramiv(sprogram, GL_LINK_STATUS, &linked);if (linked != 1){ cout << "linking failed" << endl;printProgramLog(sprogram);}return sprogram;
}GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *fp) {GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);GLuint vfprogram = glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(vfprogram, vShader);glAttachShader(vfprogram, fShader);finalizeShaderProgram(vfprogram);return vfprogram;
}GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *gp, const char *fp) {GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);GLuint gShader = prepareShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, gp);GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);GLuint vgfprogram = glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(vgfprogram, vShader);glAttachShader(vgfprogram, gShader);glAttachShader(vgfprogram, fShader);finalizeShaderProgram(vgfprogram);return vgfprogram;
}GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, const char *fp) {GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);GLuint tcShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER, tCS);GLuint teShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER, tES);GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);GLuint vtfprogram = glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(vtfprogram, vShader);glAttachShader(vtfprogram, tcShader);glAttachShader(vtfprogram, teShader);glAttachShader(vtfprogram, fShader);finalizeShaderProgram(vtfprogram);return vtfprogram;
}GLuint Utils::createShaderProgram(const char *vp, const char *tCS, const char* tES, char *gp, const char *fp) {GLuint vShader = prepareShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vp);GLuint tcShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_CONTROL_SHADER, tCS);GLuint teShader = prepareShader(GL_TESS_EVALUATION_SHADER, tES);GLuint gShader = prepareShader(GL_GEOMETRY_SHADER, gp);GLuint fShader = prepareShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fp);GLuint vtgfprogram = glCreateProgram();glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, vShader);glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, tcShader);glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, teShader);glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, gShader);glAttachShader(vtgfprogram, fShader);finalizeShaderProgram(vtgfprogram);return vtgfprogram;
}GLuint Utils::loadCubeMap(const char *mapDir) {GLuint textureRef;string xp = mapDir; xp = xp + "/xp.jpg";string xn = mapDir; xn = xn + "/xn.jpg";string yp = mapDir; yp = yp + "/yp.jpg";string yn = mapDir; yn = yn + "/yn.jpg";string zp = mapDir; zp = zp + "/zp.jpg";string zn = mapDir; zn = zn + "/zn.jpg";textureRef = SOIL_load_OGL_cubemap(xp.c_str(), xn.c_str(), yp.c_str(), yn.c_str(), zp.c_str(), zn.c_str(),SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_MIPMAPS);if (textureRef == 0) cout << "didnt find cube map image file" << endl;// glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, textureRef);// reduce seams// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);// glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_CUBE_MAP, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_R, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);return textureRef;
}GLuint Utils::loadTexture(const char *texImagePath)
{ GLuint textureRef;textureRef = SOIL_load_OGL_texture(texImagePath, SOIL_LOAD_AUTO, SOIL_CREATE_NEW_ID, SOIL_FLAG_INVERT_Y);if (textureRef == 0) cout << "didnt find texture file " << texImagePath << endl;// ----- mipmap/anisotropic sectionglBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureRef);glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);if (glewIsSupported("GL_EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic")) {GLfloat anisoset = 0.0f;glGetFloatv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, &anisoset);glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAX_ANISOTROPY_EXT, anisoset);}// ----- end of mipmap/anisotropic sectionreturn textureRef;
}// GOLD material - ambient, diffuse, specular, and shininess
float* Utils::goldAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.2473f, 0.1995f, 0.0745f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::goldDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.7516f, 0.6065f, 0.2265f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::goldSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.6283f, 0.5559f, 0.3661f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::goldShininess() { return 51.2f; }// SILVER material - ambient, diffuse, specular, and shininess
float* Utils::silverAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.1923f, 0.1923f, 0.1923f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::silverDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.5075f, 0.5075f, 0.5075f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::silverSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.5083f, 0.5083f, 0.5083f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::silverShininess() { return 51.2f; }// BRONZE material - ambient, diffuse, specular, and shininess
float* Utils::bronzeAmbient() { static float a[4] = { 0.2125f, 0.1275f, 0.0540f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::bronzeDiffuse() { static float a[4] = { 0.7140f, 0.4284f, 0.1814f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float* Utils::bronzeSpecular() { static float a[4] = { 0.3936f, 0.2719f, 0.1667f, 1 }; return (float*)a; }
float Utils::bronzeShininess() { return 25.6f; }main.cpp
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2\soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp> // glm::value_ptr
#include <glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::perspective
#include "Utils.h"
#include "Sphere.h"
using namespace std;#define numVAOs 1
#define numVBOs 3float cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ;
float sphLocX, sphLocY, sphLocZ;
GLuint renderingProgram;
GLuint vao[numVAOs];
GLuint vbo[numVBOs];
GLuint earthTexture;
GLuint moonTexture;
GLuint sunTexture;
float rotAmt = 0.0f;// variable allocation for display
GLuint mvLoc, projLoc;
int width, height;
float aspect;
glm::mat4 pMat, vMat, mMat, mvMat;stack<glm::mat4> mvStack;
Sphere mySphere = Sphere(48);void setupVertices(void) {std::vector<int> ind = mySphere.getIndices();std::vector<glm::vec3> vert = mySphere.getVertices();std::vector<glm::vec2> tex = mySphere.getTexCoords();std::vector<glm::vec3> norm = mySphere.getNormals();std::vector<float> pvalues; //顶点位置std::vector<float> tvalues; //纹理坐标std::vector<float> nvalues; //法向量int numIndices = mySphere.getNumIndices();for (int i = 0; i < numIndices; i++) {pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).x);pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).y);pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).z);tvalues.push_back((tex[ind[i]]).s);tvalues.push_back((tex[ind[i]]).t);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).x);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).y);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).z);}glGenVertexArrays(1, vao);glBindVertexArray(vao[0]);glGenBuffers(numVBOs, vbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pvalues.size() * 4, &pvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, tvalues.size() * 4, &tvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nvalues.size() * 4, &nvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}void init(GLFWwindow* window) {renderingProgram = Utils::createShaderProgram("vertShader.glsl", "fragShader.glsl");cameraX = 0.0f; cameraY = 0.0f; cameraZ = 2.0f;sphLocX = 0.0f; sphLocY = 0.0f; sphLocZ = -1.0f;glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);aspect = (float)width / (float)height;pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);setupVertices();sunTexture = Utils::loadTexture("sunmap.jpg");earthTexture = Utils::loadTexture("earth.jpg");moonTexture = Utils::loadTexture("moon.jpg");
}void display(GLFWwindow* window, double currentTime) {glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glUseProgram(renderingProgram);mvLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "mv_matrix");projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "proj_matrix");vMat = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(-cameraX, -cameraY, -cameraZ));mvStack.push(vMat);glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));// ----------------------sunmvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sunTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();//-----------------------planet mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime)*1.0, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime)*1.0));mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime*3, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, earthTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();//-----------------------moonmvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime*7)*0.15, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime*7)*0.15));mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.02f, 0.02f, 0.02f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, moonTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();
}void window_size_callback(GLFWwindow* win, int newWidth, int newHeight) {aspect = (float)newWidth / (float)newHeight;glViewport(0, 0, newWidth, newHeight);pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
}int main(void) {if (!glfwInit()) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(1500, 1200, "test", NULL, NULL);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }glfwSwapInterval(1);glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, window_size_callback);init(window);while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {display(window, glfwGetTime());glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}glfwDestroyWindow(window);glfwTerminate();exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
fragShader.glsl
#version 430in vec2 tc;
out vec4 color;uniform mat4 mv_matrix;
uniform mat4 proj_matrix;
layout (binding=0) uniform sampler2D s;void main(void)
{ color = texture(s,tc);
}vertShader.glsl
#version 430layout (location = 0) in vec3 position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 tex_coord;
out vec2 tc;uniform mat4 mv_matrix;
uniform mat4 proj_matrix;
layout (binding=0) uniform sampler2D s;void main(void)
{ gl_Position = proj_matrix * mv_matrix * vec4(position,1.0);tc = tex_coord;
}运行结果：
地球公转到太阳背面（相对于相机）：
附纹理图片：
- earth.jpg
- sun.jpg
加入航天飞行器
main.cpp
#include <GL\glew.h>
#include <GLFW\glfw3.h>
#include <SOIL2\soil2.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cmath>
#include <stack>
#include <glm\glm.hpp>
#include <glm\gtc\type_ptr.hpp> // glm::value_ptr
#include <glm\gtc\matrix_transform.hpp> // glm::translate, glm::rotate, glm::scale, glm::perspective
#include "Utils.h"
#include "Sphere.h"
#include "ImportedModel.h"
using namespace std;#define numVAOs 1
#define numVBOs 6float cameraX, cameraY, cameraZ;
float sphLocX, sphLocY, sphLocZ;
float objLocX, objLocY, objLocZ;
GLuint renderingProgram;
GLuint vao[numVAOs];
GLuint vbo[numVBOs];
GLuint earthTexture;
GLuint moonTexture;
GLuint sunTexture;
GLuint shuttleTexture;
float rotAmt = 0.0f;// variable allocation for display
GLuint mvLoc, projLoc;
int width, height;
float aspect;
glm::mat4 pMat, vMat, mMat, mvMat;ImportedModel myModel("shuttle.obj");stack<glm::mat4> mvStack;
Sphere mySphere = Sphere(48);
float toRadians(float degrees) { return (degrees * 2.0f * 3.14159f) / 360.0f; }void setupVertices(void) {//球体std::vector<int> ind = mySphere.getIndices();std::vector<glm::vec3> vert = mySphere.getVertices();std::vector<glm::vec2> tex = mySphere.getTexCoords();std::vector<glm::vec3> norm = mySphere.getNormals();std::vector<float> pvalues; //顶点位置std::vector<float> tvalues; //纹理坐标std::vector<float> nvalues; //法向量int numIndices = mySphere.getNumIndices();for (int i = 0; i < numIndices; i++) {pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).x);pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).y);pvalues.push_back((vert[ind[i]]).z);tvalues.push_back((tex[ind[i]]).s);tvalues.push_back((tex[ind[i]]).t);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).x);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).y);nvalues.push_back((norm[ind[i]]).z);}glGenVertexArrays(1, vao);glBindVertexArray(vao[0]);glGenBuffers(numVBOs, vbo);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pvalues.size() * 4, &pvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, tvalues.size() * 4, &tvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nvalues.size() * 4, &nvalues[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
//航天器std::vector<glm::vec3> vert1 = myModel.getVertices();std::vector<glm::vec2> tex1 = myModel.getTextureCoords();std::vector<glm::vec3> norm1 = myModel.getNormals();std::vector<float> pvalues1;std::vector<float> tvalues1;std::vector<float> nvalues1;for (int i = 0; i < myModel.getNumVertices(); i++) {pvalues1.push_back((vert1[i]).x);pvalues1.push_back((vert1[i]).y);pvalues1.push_back((vert1[i]).z);tvalues1.push_back((tex1[i]).s);tvalues1.push_back((tex1[i]).t);nvalues1.push_back((norm1[i]).x);nvalues1.push_back((norm1[i]).y);nvalues1.push_back((norm1[i]).z);}glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, pvalues1.size() * 4, &pvalues1[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, tvalues1.size() * 4, &tvalues1[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[5]);glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, nvalues1.size() * 4, &nvalues1[0], GL_STATIC_DRAW);
}void init(GLFWwindow* window) {renderingProgram = Utils::createShaderProgram("vertShader.glsl", "fragShader.glsl");cameraX = 0.0f; cameraY = 0.0f; cameraZ = 2.0f;sphLocX = 0.0f; sphLocY = 0.0f; sphLocZ = -1.0f;objLocX = 0.0f; objLocY = 0.0f; objLocZ = 0.0f;glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);aspect = (float)width / (float)height;pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);setupVertices();sunTexture = Utils::loadTexture("sunmap.jpg");earthTexture = Utils::loadTexture("earth.jpg");moonTexture = Utils::loadTexture("moon.jpg");shuttleTexture = Utils::loadTexture("spstob_1.jpg");
}void display(GLFWwindow* window, double currentTime) {glClear(GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0);glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);glUseProgram(renderingProgram);mvLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "mv_matrix");projLoc = glGetUniformLocation(renderingProgram, "proj_matrix");vMat = glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(-cameraX, -cameraY, -cameraZ));mvStack.push(vMat);glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));// ----------------------sunmvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.25f, 0.25f, 0.25f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, sunTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();//-----------------------planet mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime)*1.0, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime)*1.0));mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime*3, glm::vec3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, earthTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();//-----------------------moonmvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime*7)*0.15, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime*7)*0.15));mvStack.top() *= rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), (float)currentTime, glm::vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.02f, 0.02f, 0.02f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, moonTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, mySphere.getNumIndices());mvStack.pop();//-----------------------shuttlemvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= glm::translate(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(sin((float)currentTime)*0.3f, 0.0f, cos((float)currentTime) * 0.3f));mvStack.push(mvStack.top());mvStack.top() *= scale(glm::mat4(1.0f), glm::vec3(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f));glUniformMatrix4fv(mvLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(mvStack.top()));glUniformMatrix4fv(projLoc, 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(pMat));glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3]);glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4]);glVertexAttribPointer(1, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, 0);glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, shuttleTexture);glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); //调整深度glFrontFace(GL_CCW);glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL);glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, myModel.getNumVertices());mvStack.pop();}void window_size_callback(GLFWwindow* win, int newWidth, int newHeight) {aspect = (float)newWidth / (float)newHeight;glViewport(0, 0, newWidth, newHeight);pMat = glm::perspective(1.0472f, aspect, 0.1f, 1000.0f);
}int main(void) {if (!glfwInit()) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 4);glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(1500, 1200, "test", NULL, NULL);glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) { exit(EXIT_FAILURE); }glfwSwapInterval(1);glfwSetWindowSizeCallback(window, window_size_callback);init(window);while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {display(window, glfwGetTime());glfwSwapBuffers(window);glfwPollEvents();}glfwDestroyWindow(window);glfwTerminate();exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}
运行结果：
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