oracle flashback archive,ORACLE Flashback Data Archive

Flashback Data Archive

11g的新功能，有如下特性。

1.在有效期内保存事务改变的信息。

2.FDA包含一个或多个表空间，可以创建多个FDA,以sysdba登陆时，可以指定默认的FDA.

3.FDA默认关闭，当启动后，只有Flashback Archive Admnistrator权限用户或sysdba禁用FDA.

4.创建FDA时，可以指定四个参数，即闪回归档名称，闪回归档第一个表空间名称，闪回数据量(默认是unlimited，除非在第一个表空间的配额是unlimited，否则不能默认。会出现ORA_55621错误),保留时间。

5.以sysdba登录，可以指定默认的闪回归档，如果没有指定，也可以使用alter flashback archive命令指定。

在11g之前的闪回功能中，只有Flashback Database 依赖于闪回日志，其他Flashback Query, Flashback Version Query,

Flashback Transaction Query,Flashback Table,Flashback Drop使用了undo表空间数据。

Flashback Data Archive 通过将改变的数据存储到单独创建的闪回归档区，设置单独的存储策略，就可以闪回到指定时间而不影响undo策略。

Flashback Data Archive 不记录数据库的所有变化，只对指定表进行记录。因此对于不需要用到undo，又对审计或数据安全性要求很高的数据库中，

是一个很好的选择。

闪回数据归档区可以有一个或多个，每一个归档区都可以有唯一名称，并设置单独的保留策略。

FBDA是专门为11g引入的一个后台进程，用于追踪表的变化转储到闪回归档区。

Flashback Data Archive 使用限制：

1.只能在自动段空间管理(ASSM)的表空间上创建。

2.要求使用自动的undo管理，undo_management=auto.

SQL> select name,description from v$bgprocess where name='FBDA';

NAME DESCRIPTION

---------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

FBDA Flashback Data Archiver Process

测试：

一、创建用户并授权

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> create user fda identified by fda default tablespace users temporary tablespace temp01;

User created.

SQL> grant resource,connect to fda;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> grant flashback archive administer to fda;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> set linesize 800

SQL> select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='FDA';

GRANTEE PRIVILEGE ADMIN_

------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------

FDA FLASHBACK ARCHIVE ADMINISTER NO

FDA UNLIMITED TABLESPACE NO

二、查看与闪回有关的视图

SQL> select d.owner,d.view_name,d.text_length From dba_views d where d.view_name like '%FLASHBACK%';

OWNER VIEW_NAME TEXT_LENGTH

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ -----------

SYS GV_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG 157

SYS GV_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOGFILE 124

SYS GV_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_STAT 138

SYS V_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOG 146

SYS V_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_LOGFILE 113

SYS V_$FLASHBACK_DATABASE_STAT 127

SYS V_$FLASHBACK_TXN_GRAPH 250

SYS V_$FLASHBACK_TXN_MODS 260

SYS FLASHBACK_TRANSACTION_QUERY 276

SYS DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE 304

SYS DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES 336

OWNER VIEW_NAME TEXT_LENGTH

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ -----------

SYS DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS 263

SYS DBA_FLASHBACK_TXN_REPORT 209

SYS DBA_FLASHBACK_TXN_STATE 358

SYS USER_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE 532

SYS USER_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES 759

SYS USER_FLASHBACK_TXN_REPORT 146

SYS USER_FLASHBACK_TXN_STATE 321

三、创建测试表空间

SQL> create tablespace fda1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda1' size 100m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create tablespace fda2 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda2' size 100m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create tablespace fda3 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda3' size 100m;

Tablespace created.

SQL> create tablespace fda4 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fda4' size 100m;

Tablespace created.

四、创建一个Flashback Archive，配额20M，有效期一年。

SQL> create flashback archive default archive1 tablespace fda1 quota 20m retention 1 year;

Flashback archive created.

默认的闪回归档只有一个。

SQL> create flashback archive default archive2 tablespace fda2 quota 20m retention 1 year;

create flashback archive default archive2 tablespace fda2 quota 20m retention 1 year

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55609: Attempt to create duplicate default Flashback Archive

五、创建一个非默认归档

SQL> create flashback archive archive2 tablespace fda2 quota 20m retention 3 year;

Flashback archive created.

SQL> revoke unlimited tablespace from fda;

Revoke succeeded.

SQL> alter user fda quota 10m on fda3;

User altered.

SQL> conn fda/fda

Connected.

SQL> create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 20m retention 3 year;

create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 20m retention 3 year

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55621: User quota on tablespace "FDA3" is not enough for Flashback Archive

此种情况下，用户配额必须大于等于归档空间大小，否则会报ORA-55621

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> grant unlimited tablespace to fda;

Grant succeeded.

SQL> conn fda/fda

Connected.

SQL> create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 20m retention 3 year;

Flashback archive created.

SQL> DROP FLASHBACK ARCHIVE archive3;

Flashback archive dropped.

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter user fda quota 10m on fda3;

User altered.

SQL> create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 20m retention 3 year;

create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 20m retention 3 year

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55621: User quota on tablespace "FDA3" is not enough for Flashback Archive

SQL> create flashback archive archive3 tablespace fda3 quota 10m retention 3 year;

Flashback archive created.

可以使用alter flashback archive 修改如下内容：

1.改变归档有效期

2.清空部分或全部数据

3.增加，修改，移除表空间

不能移除Flashback Data Archive里面所有的表空间。

只能使用sysdba修改默认表空间，只能有一个默认表空间

SQL> show user;

USER is "FDA"

SQL> alter flashback archive archive3 set default;

alter flashback archive archive3 set default

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55611: No privilege to manage default Flashback Archive

SQL> conn / as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> alter flashback archive archive3 set default;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select t.owner_name,t.flashback_archive_name,t.status from dba_flashback_archive t ;

OWNER_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

SYS DATAARCHIVE

SYS ARCHIVE2

SYS ARCHIVE1

FDA ARCHIVE3 DEFAULT

SQL> alter flashback archive archive2 set default;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select t.owner_name,t.flashback_archive_name,t.status from dba_flashback_archive t ;

OWNER_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------

SYS DATAARCHIVE

SYS ARCHIVE2 DEFAULT

SYS ARCHIVE1

FDA ARCHIVE3

六、操作

6.1为存在的Flashback Archive 添加表空间，分配限额(如果不分配quota，则表示无限使用)

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 add tablespace fda4 quota 20m;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select * from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS;

FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE# TABLESPACE_NAME QUOTA_IN_MB

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------

DATAARCHIVE 1 FBRA

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA1 20

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA4 20

ARCHIVE2 3 FDA2 20

ARCHIVE3 4 FDA3 10

6.2 修改配额

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 modify tablespace fda4 quota 15m;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select * from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS;

FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE# TABLESPACE_NAME QUOTA_IN_MB

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------

DATAARCHIVE 1 FBRA

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA1 20

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA4 15

ARCHIVE2 3 FDA2 20

ARCHIVE3 4 FDA3 10

6.3 修改配额，不限。

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 modify tablespace fda4 ;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select * from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS;

FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE# TABLESPACE_NAME QUOTA_IN_MB

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------

DATAARCHIVE 1 FBRA

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA1 20

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA4

ARCHIVE2 3 FDA2 20

ARCHIVE3 4 FDA3 10

6.4 修改有效期

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 modify retention 5 year;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select t.owner_name,t.flashback_archive_name,t.retention_in_days,t.status from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE t ;

OWNER_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME RETENTION_IN_DAYS STATUS

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------- --------------

SYS DATAARCHIVE 30

SYS ARCHIVE2 1095 DEFAULT

SYS ARCHIVE1 1825

FDA ARCHIVE3 1095

6.5 将表空间移除

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 remove tablespace fda4;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> select * from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TS;

FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE# TABLESPACE_NAME QUOTA_IN_MB

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------

DATAARCHIVE 1 FBRA

ARCHIVE1 2 FDA1 20

ARCHIVE2 3 FDA2 20

ARCHIVE3 4 FDA3

仅移除Flashback Archive中的信息，表空间不会删除。

6.6 清空所有的记录数据

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 purge all;

Flashback archive altered.

6.6 清空超过3天的数据

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 purge before timestamp(systimestamp - interval'2'day);

Flashback archive altered.

6.7清除指定SCN之前的数据

SQL> select current_scn from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN

-----------

9831847

SQL> alter flashback archive archive1 purge before scn 9831847;

Flashback archive altered.

6.8 删除Flashback Archive,即使是默认的，也可以删除。

SQL> drop flashback archive archive2;

Flashback archive dropped.

SQL> select t.owner_name,t.flashback_archive_name,t.status from dba_flashback_archive t ;

OWNER_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ --------------

SYS DATAARCHIVE

SYS ARCHIVE1

FDA ARCHIVE3

七、使用示例

SQL> create table fdatest(id number) flashback archive;

create table fdatest(id number) flashback archive

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55608: Default Flashback Archive does not exist

SQL> alter flashback archive archive3 set default;

Flashback archive altered.

SQL> create table fdatest(id number) flashback archive;

Table created.

7.2 对表启用或禁用flashback archive.

SQL> alter table fdatest no flashback archive;

Table altered.

SQL> alter table fdatest flashback archive;

Table altered.

7.3 启用并指定闪回区

SQL> alter table fdatest flashback archive

2 archive1;

alter table fdatest flashback archive

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55600: The table "SYS"."FDATEST" is already enabled for Flashback Archive

SQL> alter table fdatest no flashback archive;

Table altered.

SQL> alter table fdatest flashback archive archive1;

Table altered.

7.4 启用flashback archive的表支持以下操作：

1.添加，删除，重新命名或修改一列。

2.添加，删除，重命名约束。

3.drop 或 truncate一个分区或子分区。

4.truncate table操作。

5.rename table;

可能引发错误的操作：

1.alter table statement that includes an ungrade table clause,with or without an including data clause.

2.alter table 移动或交换分区或子分区。

3.drop table 命令。

7.5 DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES表记录着启动flashback archive的操作。

SQL> select * from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES;

TABLE_NAME OWNER_NAME FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_NAME ARCHIVE_TABLE_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------

FDATEST SYS ARCHIVE1 SYS_FBA_HIST_78792 ENABLED

7.6 删除启用了flashback archive的表报错

SQL> drop table fdatest;

drop table fdatest

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55610: Invalid DDL statement on history-tracked table

SQL> exec dbms_flashback_archive.disassociate_fba('SYS','FDATEST');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> drop table FDATEST;

drop table FDATEST

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55610: Invalid DDL statement on history-tracked table

SQL> exec dbms_flashback_archive.reassociate_fba('SYS','FDATEST');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> exec dbms_flashback_archive.disassociate_fba('SYS','FDATEST');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> drop table FDATEST;

drop table FDATEST

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55610: Invalid DDL statement on history-tracked table

SQL> alter table FDATEST no flashback archive;

alter table FDATEST no flashback archive

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55602: The table "SYS"."FDATEST" is not enabled for Flashback Archive

SQL> show user;

USER is "SYS"

SQL> alter table FDATEST flashback archive;

alter table FDATEST flashback archive

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55624: The table "SYS"."FDATEST" cannot be enabled for Flashback Archive at this point

SQL> exec dbms_flashback_archive.disassociate_fba('SYS','FDATEST');

BEGIN dbms_flashback_archive.disassociate_fba('SYS','FDATEST'); END;

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55633: Cannot do DDL on Flashback Data Archive enabled table

ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE", line 3

ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE", line 30

ORA-06512: at line 1

QL> alter table fdatest flashback archive

2 ;

alter table fdatest flashback archive

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-55624: The table "SYS"."FDATEST" cannot be enabled for Flashback Archive at this point

纠结。。。。

八、用flashback data archive 恢复数据

8.1创建测试表

SQL> create table fa(id number) flashback archive;

Table created.

8.2插入数据

SQL> begin

2 for i in 1..100 loop

3 insert into fa values(i);

4 end loop;

5 end;

6 /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

8.3更新操作

SQL> update fa set id=150 where id <50

2 ;

49 rows updated.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YYYYMMDDHH24:MI:S

----------------------------------

20140208 11:16:38

8.4查询刚才数据

SQL> select count(*) from fa as of timestamp(systimestamp-interval '1' minute);

COUNT(*)

----------

100

SQL> select count(*) from fa as of timestamp(systimestamp-interval '10' minute);

select count(*) from fa as of timestamp(systimestamp-interval '10' minute)

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01466: unable to read data - table definition has changed

说明那时还没有建表。

8.5删除操作

SQL> delete from fa;

100 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select t.archive_table_name from DBA_FLASHBACK_ARCHIVE_TABLES t where t.table_name='FA';

ARCHIVE_TABLE_NAME

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SYS_FBA_HIST_78804

SQL> select count(*) from SYS_FBA_HIST_78804;

COUNT(*)

----------

说明只记录了更新的那些记录。

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