iOS 获取“关于本机”中软件版本的编译版本号

iPhone “设置” -> “通用“ -> “关于本机” 中的软件编译版本号如下图所示：

那么如何通过代码去获取软件编译版本号呢？其实我们可以通过sysctlbyname()函数去获取，该函数用于获取操作系统有关内核和硬件的详细信息。

1. 获取“关于本机”中前三项内容

1.1 名称

NSString *deviceName = [[UIDevice currentDevice] name];
NSLog(@"名称: %@", deviceName);

1.2 软件版本

NSString *systemVersion = [[UIDevice currentDevice] systemVersion];
// kern.osproductversion   例如: 15.4
// NSString *systemVersion = [self readSystemInfoByName:"kern.osproductversion"];
// kern.osversion    例如: 19E241
NSString *systemBuildVersion = [self readSystemKernelInfoByID:KERN_OSVERSION];
NSLog(@"软件版本: %@ (%@)", systemVersion, systemBuildVersion);

1.3 型号名称

NSString *deviceModelName = [self deviceModelName];
// hw.product  例如: iPhone10,3
// NSString *deviceMode = [self readSystemHardwareInfoByID:HW_PRODUCT];
NSLog(@"型号名称: %@", deviceModelName);

2. 读取系统内核信息及系统硬件信息的方法

/// 读取系统内核信息
/// @param ID 信息标识, 范围: [KERN_OSTYPE, KERN_MAXID)
- (NSString *)readSystemKernelInfoByID:(UInt8)ID {// 需要导入: #import <sys/sysctl.h>NSString *info = nil;// ID范围: [KERN_OSTYPE, KERN_MAXID)if (ID >= KERN_MAXID) {return info;}struct ctlname ctlNames[] = CTL_NAMES;struct ctlname ctlName = ctlNames[CTL_KERN];// 内核信息标识列表struct ctlname names[] = CTL_KERN_NAMES;struct ctlname name = names[ID];// 拼接信息名称 (例如: kern.osrelease)char *infoName = malloc(64);strcat(infoName, ctlName.ctl_name);strcat(infoName, ".");strcat(infoName, name.ctl_name);
//    NSLog(@"Kernel infoName: %s", infoName);size_t size;sysctlbyname(infoName, NULL, &size, NULL, 0);if (name.ctl_type == CTLTYPE_STRING) {char *var = malloc(size);sysctlbyname(infoName, var, &size, NULL, 0);if (var != NULL) {info = [NSString stringWithCString:var encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];}free(var);} else if (name.ctl_type == CTLTYPE_INT) {int64_t var;sysctlbyname(infoName, &var, &size, NULL, 0);info = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", var];}free(infoName);return info;
}/// 读取系统硬件信息
/// @param ID 信息标识, 范围: [HW_MACHINE, HW_MAXID)
- (NSString *)readSystemHardwareInfoByID:(UInt8)ID {// 需要导入: #import <sys/sysctl.h>NSString *info = nil;// ID范围: [HW_MACHINE, HW_MAXID)if (ID >= HW_MAXID) {return info;}struct ctlname ctlNames[] = CTL_NAMES;struct ctlname ctlName = ctlNames[CTL_HW];// 硬件信息标识列表struct ctlname names[] = CTL_HW_NAMES;struct ctlname name = names[ID];// 拼接信息名称 (例如: hw.product)char *infoName = malloc(64);strcat(infoName, ctlName.ctl_name);strcat(infoName, ".");strcat(infoName, name.ctl_name);NSLog(@"Hardware infoName: %s", infoName);size_t size;sysctlbyname(infoName, NULL, &size, NULL, 0);if (name.ctl_type == CTLTYPE_STRING) {char *var = malloc(size);sysctlbyname(infoName, var, &size, NULL, 0);if (var != NULL) {info = [NSString stringWithCString:var encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];}free(var);} else if (name.ctl_type == CTLTYPE_INT) {int64_t var;sysctlbyname(infoName, &var, &size, NULL, 0);info = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%lld", var];}free(infoName);return info;
}/// 读取系统信息
/// @param identifier 信息标识名称 (C语言字符串)
- (NSString *)readSystemInfoByName:(char *)identifier {// 需要导入: #import <sys/sysctl.h>size_t size;sysctlbyname(identifier, NULL, &size, NULL, 0);char *var = malloc(size);sysctlbyname(identifier, var, &size, NULL, 0);NSString *info = [NSString stringWithCString:var encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];free(var);if (var == NULL) {return nil;} else {return info;}
}

3. 获取设备型号名称的方法

/**设备机型@return 设备机型,如: "iPhone X"*/
- (NSString *)deviceModelName { // 需要导入#import "sys/utsname.h"struct utsname systemInfo;uname(&systemInfo);//    NSString *sysname = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.sysname encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Name of OS
//    NSString *nodename = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.nodename encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Name of this network node
//    NSString *release = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.release encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Release level
//    NSString *version = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.version encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding]; // Version levelNSString *deviceModel = [NSString stringWithCString:systemInfo.machine encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];// Apple设备型号总览: https://www.theiphonewiki.com/wiki/ModelsNSDictionary *dic = @{// 1. iPhone 系列@"iPhone1,1" : @"iPhone 1G",@"iPhone1,2" : @"iPhone 3G",@"iPhone2,1" : @"iPhone 3GS",@"iPhone3,1" : @"iPhone 4 (GSM)",@"iPhone3,2" : @"iPhone 4",@"iPhone3,3" : @"iPhone 4 (CDMA)",@"iPhone4,1" : @"iPhone 4S",@"iPhone5,1" : @"iPhone 5",@"iPhone5,2" : @"iPhone 5",@"iPhone5,3" : @"iPhone 5c",@"iPhone5,4" : @"iPhone 5c",@"iPhone6,1" : @"iPhone 5s",@"iPhone6,2" : @"iPhone 5s",@"iPhone7,1" : @"iPhone 6 Plus",@"iPhone7,2" : @"iPhone 6",@"iPhone8,1" : @"iPhone 6s",@"iPhone8,2" : @"iPhone 6s Plus",@"iPhone8,4" : @"iPhone SE",@"iPhone9,1" : @"iPhone 7",@"iPhone9,2" : @"iPhone 7 Plus",@"iPhone9,3" : @"iPhone 7",@"iPhone9,4" : @"iPhone 7 Plus",@"iPhone10,1" : @"iPhone 8",@"iPhone10,2" : @"iPhone 8 Plus",@"iPhone10,3" : @"iPhone X",@"iPhone10,4" : @"iPhone 8",@"iPhone10,5" : @"iPhone 8 Plus",@"iPhone10,6" : @"iPhone X",@"iPhone11,2" : @"iPhone Xs",@"iPhone11,4" : @"iPhone Xs Max",@"iPhone11,6" : @"iPhone Xs Max",@"iPhone11,8" : @"iPhone XR",@"iPhone12,1" : @"iPhone 11",@"iPhone12,3" : @"iPhone 11 Pro",@"iPhone12,5" : @"iPhone 11 Pro Max",@"iPhone12,8" : @"iPhone SE 2",@"iPhone13,1" : @"iPhone 12 mini",@"iPhone13,2" : @"iPhone 12",@"iPhone13,3" : @"iPhone 12 Pro",@"iPhone13,4" : @"iPhone 12 Pro Max",@"iPhone14,2" : @"iPhone 13 Pro",@"iPhone14,3" : @"iPhone 13 Pro Max",@"iPhone14,4" : @"iPhone 13 mini",@"iPhone14,5" : @"iPhone 13",@"iPhone14,6" : @"iPhone SE 3",@"iPhone14,7" : @"iPhone 14",@"iPhone14,8" : @"iPhone 14 Plus",@"iPhone15,2" : @"iPhone 14 Pro",@"iPhone15,3" : @"iPhone 14 Pro Max",// 2. iPod 系列@"iPod1,1" : @"iPod touch 1",@"iPod2,1" : @"iPod touch 2",@"iPod3,1" : @"iPod touch 3",@"iPod4,1" : @"iPod touch 4",@"iPod5,1" : @"iPod touch 5",@"iPod7,1" : @"iPod touch 6",@"iPod9,1" : @"iPod touch 7",// 3. iPad 系列// iPad@"iPad1,1" : @"iPad 1",@"iPad2,1" : @"iPad 2 (WiFi)",@"iPad2,2" : @"iPad 2 (GSM)",@"iPad2,3" : @"iPad 2 (CDMA)",@"iPad2,4" : @"iPad 2",@"iPad3,1" : @"iPad 3 (WiFi)",@"iPad3,2" : @"iPad 3 (CDMA)",@"iPad3,3" : @"iPad 3 (4G)",@"iPad3,4" : @"iPad 4 (WiFi)",@"iPad3,5" : @"iPad 4 (4G)",@"iPad3,6" : @"iPad 4 (CDMA)",@"iPad6,11" : @"iPad 5",@"iPad6,12" : @"iPad 5",@"iPad7,5" : @"iPad 6",@"iPad7,6" : @"iPad 6",@"iPad7,11" : @"iPad 7",@"iPad7,12" : @"iPad 7",@"iPad11,6" : @"iPad 8",@"iPad11,7" : @"iPad 8",@"iPad12,1" : @"iPad 9",@"iPad12,2" : @"iPad 9",// iPad Air@"iPad4,1" : @"iPad Air",@"iPad4,2" : @"iPad Air",@"iPad4,3" : @"iPad Air",@"iPad5,3" : @"iPad Air 2",@"iPad5,4" : @"iPad Air 2",@"iPad11,3" : @"iPad Air 3",@"iPad11,4" : @"iPad Air 3",@"iPad13,1" : @"iPad Air 4",@"iPad13,2" : @"iPad Air 4",@"iPad13,16" : @"iPad Air 5",@"iPad13,17" : @"iPad Air 5",// iPad Pro@"iPad6,3" : @"iPad Pro (9.7-inch)",@"iPad6,4" : @"iPad Pro (9.7-inch)",@"iPad6,7" : @"iPad Pro (12.9-inch)",@"iPad6,8" : @"iPad Pro (12.9-inch)",@"iPad7,1" : @"iPad Pro 2 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad7,2" : @"iPad Pro 2 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad7,3" : @"iPad Pro (10.5-inch)",@"iPad7,4" : @"iPad Pro (10.5-inch)",@"iPad8,1" : @"iPad Pro (11-inch)",@"iPad8,2" : @"iPad Pro (11-inch)",@"iPad8,3" : @"iPad Pro (11-inch)",@"iPad8,4" : @"iPad Pro (11-inch)",@"iPad8,5" : @"iPad Pro 3 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad8,6" : @"iPad Pro 3 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad8,7" : @"iPad Pro 3 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad8,8" : @"iPad Pro 3 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad8,9"  : @"iPad Pro 2 (11-inch)",@"iPad8,10" : @"iPad Pro 2 (11-inch)",@"iPad8,11" : @"iPad Pro 4 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad8,12" : @"iPad Pro 4 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad13,4" : @"iPad Pro 3 (11-inch)",@"iPad13,5" : @"iPad Pro 3 (11-inch)",@"iPad13,6" : @"iPad Pro 3 (11-inch)",@"iPad13,7" : @"iPad Pro 3 (11-inch)",@"iPad13,8"  : @"iPad Pro 5 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad13,9"  : @"iPad Pro 5 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad13,10" : @"iPad Pro 5 (12.9-inch)",@"iPad13,11" : @"iPad Pro 5 (12.9-inch)",// iPad mini@"iPad2,5" : @"iPad mini 1 (WiFi)",@"iPad2,6" : @"iPad mini 1 (GSM)",@"iPad2,7" : @"iPad mini 1 (CDMA)",@"iPad4,4" : @"iPad mini 2",@"iPad4,5" : @"iPad mini 2",@"iPad4,6" : @"iPad mini 2",@"iPad4,7" : @"iPad mini 3",@"iPad4,8" : @"iPad mini 3",@"iPad4,9" : @"iPad mini 3",@"iPad5,1" : @"iPad mini 4",@"iPad5,2" : @"iPad mini 4",@"iPad11,1" : @"iPad mini 5",@"iPad11,2" : @"iPad mini 5",@"iPad14,1" : @"iPad mini 6",@"iPad14,2" : @"iPad mini 6",// 4. Apple Watch 系列@"Watch1,1" : @"Apple Watch 38mm",@"Watch1,2" : @"Apple Watch 42mm",@"Watch2,3" : @"Apple Watch Series 2 38mm",@"Watch2,4" : @"Apple Watch Series 2 42mm",@"Watch2,6" : @"Apple Watch Series 1 38mm",@"Watch2,7" : @"Apple Watch Series 1 42mm",@"Watch3,1" : @"Apple Watch Series 3 38mm",@"Watch3,2" : @"Apple Watch Series 3 42mm",@"Watch3,3" : @"Apple Watch Series 3 38mm",@"Watch3,4" : @"Apple Watch Series 3 42mm",@"Watch4,1" : @"Apple Watch Series 4 40mm",@"Watch4,2" : @"Apple Watch Series 4 44mm",@"Watch4,3" : @"Apple Watch Series 4 40mm",@"Watch4,4" : @"Apple Watch Series 4 44mm",@"Watch5,1" : @"Apple Watch Series 5 40mm",@"Watch5,2" : @"Apple Watch Series 5 44mm",@"Watch5,3" : @"Apple Watch Series 5 40mm",@"Watch5,4" : @"Apple Watch Series 5 44mm",@"Watch5,9"  : @"Apple Watch SE 40mm",@"Watch5,10" : @"Apple Watch SE 44mm",@"Watch5,11" : @"Apple Watch SE 40mm",@"Watch5,12" : @"Apple Watch SE 44mm",@"Watch6,1" : @"Apple Watch Series 6 40mm",@"Watch6,2" : @"Apple Watch Series 6 44mm",@"Watch6,3" : @"Apple Watch Series 6 40mm",@"Watch6,4" : @"Apple Watch Series 6 44mm",@"Watch6,6" : @"Apple Watch Series 7 41mm",@"Watch6,7" : @"Apple Watch Series 7 45mm",@"Watch6,8" : @"Apple Watch Series 7 41mm",@"Watch6,9" : @"Apple Watch Series 7 45mm",// 5. Apple TV 系列@"AppleTV1,1" : @"Apple TV 1",@"AppleTV2,1" : @"Apple TV 2",@"AppleTV3,1" : @"Apple TV 3",@"AppleTV3,2" : @"Apple TV 3",@"AppleTV5,3" : @"Apple TV 4",@"AppleTV6,2"  : @"Apple TV 4K",@"AppleTV11,1" : @"Apple TV 4K 2",// 6. AirPods 系列@"AirPods1,1" : @"AirPods 1",@"AirPods1,2" : @"AirPods 2",@"AirPods2,1" : @"AirPods 2",@"AirPods1,3" : @"AirPods 3",@"Audio2,1"   : @"AirPods 3",@"AirPods2,2"    : @"AirPods Pro",@"AirPodsPro1,1" : @"AirPods Pro",@"iProd8,1"      : @"AirPods Pro",@"iProd8,6"      : @"AirPods Max",@"AirPodsMax1,1" : @"AirPods Max",// 7. HomePod 系列@"AudioAccessory1,1" : @"HomePod",@"AudioAccessory1,2" : @"HomePod",// 8. Apple Pencil 系列 (暂时未知)
//        @"Unknown" : @"Apple Pencil",
//        @"Unknown" : @"Apple Pencil 2",// 9. Smart Keyboard 系列 (暂时未知)
//        @"Unknown" : @"Smart Keyboard",
//        @"Unknown" : @"Smart Keyboard Folio",// 10. Siri Remote 系列 (暂时未知)
//        @"Unknown" : @"Siri Remote",
//        @"Unknown" : @"Siri Remote 2",
//        @"Unknown" : @"Siri Remote 3",// 11. AirTag@"AirTag1,1" : @"AirTag",// 模拟器@"i386"   : @"Simulator x86",@"x86_64" : @"Simulator x64",};NSString *name = dic[deviceModel];if (!name) {name = deviceModel;}return name;
}

4. sysctl() 相关知识

sysctl()和sysctlbyname()都是标准的UNIX函数，用于获取操作系统有关内核和硬件的详细信息。

sysctl命令用于在内核运行时动态地修改内核的运行参数，即对内核参数进行设置。可用的内核参数在目录/proc/sys中，这些内核参数的设置都是文件。

4.1 打印当前所有可用内核参数

sysctl -a

在Mac的Terminal中执行该命令，会打印当前所有可用内核参数的变量名和值。

4.2 从指定的文件加载系统内核参数

sysctl -p /xxx/xxx.xxx

如果-p后不指定文件路径，则从/etc/sysctl.conf中加载。

4.3 读取指定内核参数的值

sysctl kern.osversion

kern.osversion为内核参数的变量名。

4.4 设置指定内核参数的值

sysctl -w kern.maxfiles=5000

kern.maxfiles为内核参数的变量名，用variable=value的方式设置。通过该方式设置内核参数后，如果系统重启，则所设置的值会丢失。如果想永久保留配置，则可以通过修改/etc/sysctl.conf文件来设置内核参数。