高效文本处理三剑客之一【grep】

一、简介

grep是一款强大的文本搜索工具，支持正则表达式。

语法：

grep [option]... PATTERN [FILE]...

常用：

usage: grep [-abcDEFGHhIiJLlmnOoqRSsUVvwxZ] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]][-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color=when][--context[=num]] [--directories=action] [--label] [--line-buffered][--null] [pattern] [file ...]

常用参数：

-v        取反
-i        忽略大小写
-c        符合条件的行数
-n        输出的同时打印行号
^*        以*开头
*$        以*结尾
^$        空行

实际使用

1、准备一个txt文本monkey

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# cat monkey     #查看文本monkey
One day,a little monkey is playing by the well.一天,有只小猴子在井边玩儿.
He looks in the well and shouts :它往井里一瞧,高喊道：
“Oh!My god!The moon has fallen into the well!” “噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里头啦!”
An older monkeys runs over,takes a look,and says,一只大猴子跑来一看,说,
“Goodness me!The moon is really in the water!” “糟啦!月亮掉在井里头啦!”
And olderly monkey comes over.老猴子也跑过来.
He is very surprised as well and cries out:他也非常惊奇,喊道：
“The moon is in the well.” “糟了,月亮掉在井里头了!”
A group of monkeys run over to the well .一群猴子跑到井边来,
They look at the moon in the well and shout:他们看到井里的月亮,喊道：
“The moon did fall into the well!Come on!Let’get it out!”
“月亮掉在井里头啦!快来!让我们把它捞起来!”
Then,the oldest monkey hangs on the tree up side down ,with his feet on the branch .
然后,老猴子倒挂在大树上,
And he pulls the next monkey’s feet with his hands.拉住大猴子的脚,
All the other monkeys follow his suit,其他的猴子一个个跟着,
And they join each other one by one down to the moon in the well.
它们一只连着一只直到井里.
Just before they reach the moon,the oldest monkey raises his head and happens to see the moon in the sky,正好他们摸到月亮的时候,老猴子抬头发现月亮挂在天上呢
He yells excitedly “Don’t be so foolish!The moon is still in the sky!”
它兴奋地大叫：“别蠢了!月亮还好好地挂在天上呢!

直接查找符合条件的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep moon monkey     #从文本monkey中查找moon
“Oh!My god!The moon has fallen into the well!” “噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里头啦!”
“Goodness me!The moon is really in the water!” “糟啦!月亮掉在井里头啦!”
“The moon is in the well.” “糟了,月亮掉在井里头了!”
They look at the moon in the well and shout:他们看到井里的月亮,喊道：
“The moon did fall into the well!Come on!Let’get it out!”
And they join each other one by one down to the moon in the well.
Just before they reach the moon,the oldest monkey raises his head and happens to see the moon in the sky,正好他们摸到月亮的时候,老猴子抬头发现月亮挂在天上呢
He yells excitedly “Don’t be so foolish!The moon is still in the sky!”

查找反向符合条件的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep -v  moon monkey
One day,a little monkey is playing by the well.一天,有只小猴子在井边玩儿.
He looks in the well and shouts :它往井里一瞧,高喊道：
An older monkeys runs over,takes a look,and says,一只大猴子跑来一看,说,
And olderly monkey comes over.老猴子也跑过来.
He is very surprised as well and cries out:他也非常惊奇,喊道：
A group of monkeys run over to the well .一群猴子跑到井边来,
“月亮掉在井里头啦!快来!让我们把它捞起来!”
Then,the oldest monkey hangs on the tree up side down ,with his feet on the branch .
然后,老猴子倒挂在大树上,
And he pulls the next monkey’s feet with his hands.拉住大猴子的脚,
All the other monkeys follow his suit,其他的猴子一个个跟着,
它们一只连着一只直到井里.
它兴奋地大叫：“别蠢了!月亮还好好地挂在天上呢!”

直接查找符合条件的行数

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep -c  moon monkey
8

忽略大小写查找符合条件的行数

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep my monkey

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep -i my monkey
“Oh!My god!The moon has fallen into the well!” “噢!我的天!月亮掉到井里头啦!”

查找符合条件的行并输出行号

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep -n monkey monkey
1:One day,a little monkey is playing by the well.一天,有只小猴子在井边玩儿.
4:An older monkeys runs over,takes a look,and says,一只大猴子跑来一看,说,
6:And olderly monkey comes over.老猴子也跑过来.
9:A group of monkeys run over to the well .一群猴子跑到井边来,
13:Then,the oldest monkey hangs on the tree up side down ,with his feet on the branch .
15:And he pulls the next monkey’s feet with his hands.拉住大猴子的脚,
16:All the other monkeys follow his suit,其他的猴子一个个跟着,
19:Just before they reach the moon,the oldest monkey raises his head and happens to see the moon in the sky,正好他们摸到月亮的时候,老猴子抬头发现月亮挂在天上呢

查找开头是J的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep '^J' monkey
Just before they reach the moon,the oldest monkey raises his head and happens to see the moon in the sky,正好他们摸到月亮的时候,老猴子抬头发现月亮挂在天上呢

查找结尾是呢的行

[root@iz2ze76ybn73dvwmdij06zz ~]# grep "呢$" monkey
Just before they reach the moon,the oldest monkey raises his head and happens to see the moon in the sky,正好他们摸到月亮的时候,老猴子抬头发现月亮挂在天上呢

当然我们也可以使用命令

grep -help

查看更多相关的命令。

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