使用Tengine+Lua+GraphicsMagick实现图片自动裁剪缩放

软件准备

Tengine

官网：http://tengine.taobao.org/

$ wget http://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz

官网：http://www.lua.org/

$ wget http://www.lua.org/ftp/lua-5.3.4.tar.gz

LuaJIT

官网：http://luajit.org/

$ wget http://luajit.org/download/LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz

GraphicsMagick

官网：http://www.graphicsmagick.org/

$ wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/graphicsmagick/files/graphicsmagick/1.3.26/GraphicsMagick-1.3.26.tar.gz

软件安装

1.安装 Lua 依赖工具（Lua安装所需）

$ sudo yum -y install readline readline-devel

如果不安装readline和readline-devel，在安装Lua时会报如下错误
致命错误：readline/readline.h：没有那个文件或目录

2. 安装 Lua

$ tar -zxvf lua-5.3.4.tar.gz
$ cd lua-5.3.4
$ make linux && make install

执行命令后如果可以看到lua的版本信息，使用print来打印内容

$ lua
Lua 5.3.4  Copyright (C) 1994-2017 Lua.org, PUC-Rio
> print('Hello Lua')
Hello Lua

3. 安装LuaJIT

$ tar -zxvf LuaJIT-2.0.5.tar.gz
$ cd LuaJIT-2.0.5
$ sudo make && make install

配置环境变量（笔者配置在用户变量，你也可以配置在profile中）

$ vim ~/.bashrc
export LUAJIT_LIB=/usr/local/lib
export LUAJIT_INC=/usr/local/include/luajit-2.0
$ source ~/.bashrc

4. 安装Tengine

$ tar -zxvf tengine-2.2.0.tar.gz
$ cd tengine-2.2.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Tengine --dso-path=/usr/local/Tengine/modules --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_concat_module --with-http_lua_module --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/cgi_temp --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp --http-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/error.log

执行上面的命令后，打印的信息中笔者看到有Lua的库找不到（如果Lua库找不到在启动Tengine时会报错）

解决方法：配置LuaJIT的环境变量或执行如下命令

$ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2

编译安装

$ sudo make && make install

测试

$ /usr/local/Tengine/sbin

执行命令测试，出现如下类似信息，表示安装成功

$ ./nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/Tengine/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/Tengine/conf/nginx.conf test is successful

执行 ./nginx -t 后，笔者遇到两个问题，错误及解放方法如下

错误1：

./nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libluajit-5.1.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决方法：执行如下命令

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2

错误2：

错误2：nginx: [emerg] mkdir() “/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp” failed (2: No such file or directory)

解决方法：执行命令创建文件mkdir -p /var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp

$ mkdir -p /var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp

进入 /usr/local/Tengine/sbin 目录下，输入如下命令启动

$ ./nginx

启动成功后，在浏览器输入ip，可以看到 tengine 的欢迎页面

5.安装 GraphicsMagick 依赖工具

$ sudo yum -y install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel giflib giflib-devel freetype freetype-devel

6. 安装GraphicsMagick

$ tar -zxvf GraphicsMagick-1.3.26.tar.gz
$ cd GraphicsMagick-1.3.26
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/GraphicsMagick --enable-shared
$ make && make install

编译完成后进入GraphicsMagick的bin目录下

$ cd /usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin

查看命令帮助：

$ ./gm
GraphicsMagick 1.3.26 2017-07-04 Q8 http://www.GraphicsMagick.org/
Copyright (C) 2002-2017 GraphicsMagick Group.
Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software.
See http://www.GraphicsMagick.org/www/Copyright.html for details.
Usage: ./gm command [options ...]Where commands include: animate - animate a sequence of imagesbatch - issue multiple commands in interactive or batch modebenchmark - benchmark one of the other commandscompare - compare two imagescomposite - composite images togetherconjure - execute a Magick Scripting Language (MSL) XML scriptconvert - convert an image or sequence of imagesdisplay - display an image on a workstation running Xhelp - obtain usage message for named commandidentify - describe an image or image sequenceimport - capture an application or X server screenmogrify - transform an image or sequence of imagesmontage - create a composite image (in a grid) from separate imagestime - time one of the other commandsversion - obtain release version

查看版本信息，输入如下命令后，如果看到如下类似的信息，表示安装成功

$ ./gm version
GraphicsMagick 1.3.26 2017-07-04 Q8 http://www.GraphicsMagick.org/
Copyright (C) 2002-2017 GraphicsMagick Group.
Additional copyrights and licenses apply to this software.
See http://www.GraphicsMagick.org/www/Copyright.html for details.Feature Support:Native Thread Safe       yesLarge Files (> 32 bit)   yesLarge Memory (> 32 bit)  yesBZIP                     yesDPS                      noFlashPix                 noFreeType                 yesGhostscript (Library)    noJBIG                     noJPEG-2000                noJPEG                     yesLittle CMS               noLoadable Modules         noOpenMP                   yes (201107)PNG                      yesTIFF                     noTRIO                     noUMEM                     noWebP                     noWMF                      noX11                      yesXML                      yesZLIB                     yesHost type: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuConfigured using the command:./configure  '--prefix=/usr/local/GraphicsMagick' '--enable-shared'Final Build Parameters:CC       = gcc -std=gnu99CFLAGS   = -fopenmp -g -O2 -Wall -pthreadCPPFLAGS = -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libxml2CXX      = g++CXXFLAGS = -pthreadLDFLAGS  = LIBS     = -lfreetype -ljpeg -lpng15 -lX11 -llzma -lbz2 -lxml2 -lz -lm -lgomp -lpthread

使用 GraphicsMagick 来裁剪一张图

$ rz   # 上传图片test.jpg到~/photo路径下

执行命令裁剪图片

$ sudo ./gm convert ~/photo/test.jpg -resize 200x200 ~/photo/small.jpg

下载裁剪完成后的图片（图片变小但不会失真）

$ sz ~/photo/small.jpg

2.测试

1.nginx + lua 测试

配置nginx.conf文件

$ cd /usr/local/Tengine/
$ cd conf

为了保险起见，我们先备份一下nginx.conf文件

$ cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak

编辑nginx.conf文件

# vim nginx.conf

找到 #user nobody; 在它的下一行添加如下代码

user root

在server块（大概在）中添加如下代码

location /lua/ {default_type 'text/html';content_by_lua 'ngx.say("<h1>hello, lua</h1>")';
}

保存退出，后执行如下命令重新加载ngnix

# ./nginx -s reload

浏览器访问：IP/lua/

2.裁剪图

(1).配置nginx

# cd /usr/local/Tengine/conf
# vim nginx.conf

找到 #user nobody; 在它的下一行添加如下代码

user root

server 中新增location

server {listen       80;server_name  localhost;#charset koi8-r;#access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;location / {#root   html;root   /home/hadoop/images;index  index.html index.htm;}location /lua/ {default_type 'text/html';content_by_lua 'ngx.say("<h1>hello, lua</h1>")';}# url格式：如：xxxx.gif_数字x数字.giflocation ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_(\d+)x(\d+)\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {  root /home/hadoop/images;       # 根目录（必须设置）if (!-f $request_filename) {       # 如果文件不存在才裁剪# 在编写外部 Lua 脚本时，设置为 off Nginx 不会缓存 Lua，方便调试lua_code_cache off;set $request_filepath /home/hadoop/images/$1; # 原始图片路径set $width $3;     # 设置裁剪/缩放的宽度set $height $4;     # 设置裁剪/缩放的高度set $ext $5;     # 图片文件格式后缀content_by_lua_file /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua;      # 加载外部lua文件}
}

(2).编写脚本

进入如下目录

# cd /usr/local/Tengine/

新建文件夹lua，lua下新建文件

# mkdir lua
# touch ImageResizer.lua
# vim ImageResizer.lua

ImageResizer.lua 文件中编写代码如下

local command = "/usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin/gm convert " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. " -resize " .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. "_" .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. "." .. ngx.var.ext;
os.execute(command);            # 执行裁剪命令
ngx.exec(ngx.var.request_uri);  # 输出裁剪后的图片

(3).执行并查看结果

输入如下命令重新加载nginx，使用修改的配置立即生效

# ./nginx -s reload

浏览器访问：http://IP/test.jpg_300x300.jpg