参考源

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1kv411q7Qc?spm_id_from=333.999.0.0

版本

本文章基于 Docker 20.10.11

简介

使用 Docker 的时候，定义 Dockerfile 文件，然后使用 docker build、docker run 等命令操作容器。

然而微服务架构的应用系统一般包含若干个微服务，每个微服务一般都会部署多个实例，如果每个微服务都要手动启停，这样效率很低，也不方便管理。

使用 Docker Compose 可以轻松、高效的管理容器，它是一个用于定义和运行多容器 Docker 的应用程序工具。

yaml 官方示例

https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/#compose-file-structure-and-examples

version: "3.9"
services:redis:image: redis:alpineports:- "6379"networks:- frontenddeploy:replicas: 2update_config:parallelism: 2delay: 10srestart_policy:condition: on-failuredb:image: postgres:9.4volumes:- db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/datanetworks:- backenddeploy:placement:max_replicas_per_node: 1constraints:- "node.role==manager"vote:image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_vote:beforeports:- "5000:80"networks:- frontenddepends_on:- redisdeploy:replicas: 2update_config:parallelism: 2restart_policy:condition: on-failureresult:image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_result:beforeports:- "5001:80"networks:- backenddepends_on:- dbdeploy:replicas: 1update_config:parallelism: 2delay: 10srestart_policy:condition: on-failureworker:image: dockersamples/examplevotingapp_workernetworks:- frontend- backenddeploy:mode: replicatedreplicas: 1labels: [APP=VOTING]restart_policy:condition: on-failuredelay: 10smax_attempts: 3window: 120splacement:constraints:- "node.role==manager"visualizer:image: dockersamples/visualizer:stableports:- "8080:8080"stop_grace_period: 1m30svolumes:- "/var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock"deploy:placement:constraints:- "node.role==manager"networks:frontend:backend:volumes:db-data:

depends_on：依赖关系，如 web 依赖 redis 和 db，通过 depends_on 表明关系。

version: "3.9"
services:web:build: .depends_on:- db- redisredis:image: redisdb:image: postgres

安装

Docker Compose 是 Docker 的一个开源项目，目前托管到了 GitHub，需要前往 GitHub 下载。

sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/2.2.3/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

由于存放在 GitHub，国内网络限制导致不太稳定，不推荐使用。

推荐使用 道客 提供的 Docker 极速下载 进行安装。

curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.3/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

安装

[root@sail ~]# curl -L https://get.daocloud.io/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.2.3/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` > /usr/local/bin/docker-compose% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  CurrentDload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100   423  100   423    0     0    394      0  0:00:01  0:00:01 --:--:--   394
100 23.5M  100 23.5M    0     0  8670k      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 20.3M
[root@sail ~]# cd /usr/local/bin/
[root@sail bin]# ls
docker-compose

这样即表示安装成功。

授权

[root@sail ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
[root@sail ~]#

查看版本

docker-compose version

[root@sail bin]# docker-compose version
Docker Compose version v2.2.3

显示了版本即代表 Docker Compose 安装完成。

卸载

rm /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

由于 Linux 一切皆文件，删除此文件夹即可完成 Docker Compose 的卸载。

使用

构建

创建项目目录

[root@sail sail]# mkdir docker-compose
[root@sail sail]# cd docker-compose
[root@sail docker-compose]#

创建 app.py

[root@sail docker-compose]# vim app.py
import timeimport redis
from flask import Flaskapp = Flask(__name__)
cache = redis.Redis(host='redis', port=6379)def get_hit_count():retries = 5while True:try:return cache.incr('hits')except redis.exceptions.ConnectionError as exc:if retries == 0:raise excretries -= 1time.sleep(0.5)@app.route('/')
def hello():count = get_hit_count()return 'Hello World! I have been seen {} times.\n'.format(count)

redis 是应用容器中 redis 容器的主机名，在同一网络下可以通过服务名访问，端口默认 6379。

创建 requirements.txt

[root@sail docker-compose]# vim requirements.txt
[root@sail docker-compose]# cat requirements.txt
flask
redis

创建 Dockerfile

[root@sail docker-compose]# vim Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7-alpine
WORKDIR /code
ENV FLASK_APP=app.py
ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0
RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers
COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
EXPOSE 5000
COPY . .
CMD ["flask", "run"]

创建 docker-compose.yml

[root@sail docker-compose]# vim docker-compose.yml
version: "3.3"
services:web:build: .ports:- "5000:5000"redis:image: "redis:alpine"

这个文件定义了两个服务：web 和 redis。

启动

docker-compose up

运行应用

在项目目录中，运行 docker-compose up 来启动应用程序。

第一次启动需要安装很多环境，比较缓慢。

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker-compose up
[+] Running 7/7⠿ redis Pulled                                                                                                                                                                                              14.1s⠿ 59bf1c3509f3 Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               3.0s⠿ 719adce26c52 Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               3.1s⠿ b8f35e378c31 Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               3.3s⠿ d034517f789c Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               9.0s⠿ 3772d4d76753 Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               9.0s⠿ 211a7f52febb Pull complete                                                                                                                                                                               9.1s
Sending build context to Docker daemon     725B
Step 1/10 : FROM python:3.7-alpine
3.7-alpine: Pulling from library/python
59bf1c3509f3: Already exists
8786870f2876: Pull complete
45d4696938d0: Pull complete
ef84af58b2c5: Pull complete
c3c9b71b9a69: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d64e0124674d64e78cc9d7378a1130499ced66a7a00db0521d0120a2e88ac9e4
Status: Downloaded newer image for python:3.7-alpine---> a1034fd13493
Step 2/10 : WORKDIR /code---> Running in e23e4b173abf
Removing intermediate container e23e4b173abf---> 41eb64157cfc
Step 3/10 : ENV FLASK_APP=app.py---> Running in cdefb769398d
Removing intermediate container cdefb769398d---> ab741ac5cb17
Step 4/10 : ENV FLASK_RUN_HOST=0.0.0.0---> Running in 4976c1da428c
Removing intermediate container 4976c1da428c---> 5a5c24d67db6
Step 5/10 : RUN apk add --no-cache gcc musl-dev linux-headers---> Running in 53043bd38e33
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/main/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
fetch https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/community/x86_64/APKINDEX.tar.gz
(1/13) Installing libgcc (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(2/13) Installing libstdc++ (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(3/13) Installing binutils (2.37-r3)
(4/13) Installing libgomp (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(5/13) Installing libatomic (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(6/13) Installing libgphobos (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(7/13) Installing gmp (6.2.1-r0)
(8/13) Installing isl22 (0.22-r0)
(9/13) Installing mpfr4 (4.1.0-r0)
(10/13) Installing mpc1 (1.2.1-r0)
(11/13) Installing gcc (10.3.1_git20211027-r0)
(12/13) Installing linux-headers (5.10.41-r0)
(13/13) Installing musl-dev (1.2.2-r7)
Executing busybox-1.34.1-r3.trigger
OK: 139 MiB in 48 packages
Removing intermediate container 53043bd38e33---> 73e9550df596
Step 6/10 : COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt---> c5a73d6f1fe1
Step 7/10 : RUN pip install -r requirements.txt---> Running in 826790d0bfbb
Collecting flaskDownloading Flask-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (95 kB)
Collecting redisDownloading redis-4.1.0-py3-none-any.whl (171 kB)
Collecting itsdangerous>=2.0Downloading itsdangerous-2.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (18 kB)
Collecting click>=7.1.2Downloading click-8.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Collecting Werkzeug>=2.0Downloading Werkzeug-2.0.2-py3-none-any.whl (288 kB)
Collecting Jinja2>=3.0Downloading Jinja2-3.0.3-py3-none-any.whl (133 kB)
Collecting packaging>=21.3Downloading packaging-21.3-py3-none-any.whl (40 kB)
Collecting deprecated>=1.2.3Downloading Deprecated-1.2.13-py2.py3-none-any.whl (9.6 kB)
Collecting importlib-metadata>=1.0Downloading importlib_metadata-4.10.0-py3-none-any.whl (17 kB)
Collecting wrapt<2,>=1.10Downloading wrapt-1.13.3-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl (78 kB)
Collecting zipp>=0.5Downloading zipp-3.7.0-py3-none-any.whl (5.3 kB)
Collecting typing-extensions>=3.6.4Downloading typing_extensions-4.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (22 kB)
Collecting MarkupSafe>=2.0Downloading MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp37-cp37m-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl (30 kB)
Collecting pyparsing!=3.0.5,>=2.0.2Downloading pyparsing-3.0.6-py3-none-any.whl (97 kB)
Installing collected packages: zipp, typing-extensions, wrapt, pyparsing, MarkupSafe, importlib-metadata, Werkzeug, packaging, Jinja2, itsdangerous, deprecated, click, redis, flask
Successfully installed Jinja2-3.0.3 MarkupSafe-2.0.1 Werkzeug-2.0.2 click-8.0.3 deprecated-1.2.13 flask-2.0.2 importlib-metadata-4.10.0 itsdangerous-2.0.1 packaging-21.3 pyparsing-3.0.6 redis-4.1.0 typing-extensions-4.0.1 wrapt-1.13.3 zipp-3.7.0
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
WARNING: You are using pip version 21.2.4; however, version 21.3.1 is available.
You should consider upgrading via the '/usr/local/bin/python -m pip install --upgrade pip' command.
Removing intermediate container 826790d0bfbb---> c1483947fad2
Step 8/10 : EXPOSE 5000---> Running in cd59e0408b47
Removing intermediate container cd59e0408b47---> 05c632dea80d
Step 9/10 : COPY . .---> 8c89b910e366
Step 10/10 : CMD ["flask", "run"]---> Running in 1d9d071fee96
Removing intermediate container 1d9d071fee96---> de4639486b50
Successfully built de4639486b50
Successfully tagged docker-compose_web:latestUse 'docker scan' to run Snyk tests against images to find vulnerabilities and learn how to fix them
[+] Running 3/3⠿ Network docker-compose_default    Created                                                                                                                                                                  0.3s⠿ Container docker-compose-redis-1  Created                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s⠿ Container docker-compose-web-1    Created                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
Attaching to docker-compose-redis-1, docker-compose-web-1
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:C 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.687 # oO0OoO0OoO0Oo Redis is starting oO0OoO0OoO0Oo
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:C 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.687 # Redis version=6.2.6, bits=64, commit=00000000, modified=0, pid=1, just started
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:C 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.687 # Warning: no config file specified, using the default config. In order to specify a config file use redis-server /path/to/redis.conf
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.687 * monotonic clock: POSIX clock_gettime
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.688 * Running mode=standalone, port=6379.
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.688 # WARNING: The TCP backlog setting of 511 cannot be enforced because /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn is set to the lower value of 128.
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.688 # Server initialized
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.688 # WARNING overcommit_memory is set to 0! Background save may fail under low memory condition. To fix this issue add 'vm.overcommit_memory = 1' to /etc/sysctl.conf and then reboot or run the command 'sysctl vm.overcommit_memory=1' for this to take effect.
docker-compose-redis-1  | 1:M 07 Jan 2022 08:36:26.688 * Ready to accept connections
docker-compose-web-1    |  * Serving Flask app 'app.py' (lazy loading)
docker-compose-web-1    |  * Environment: production
docker-compose-web-1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
docker-compose-web-1    |    Use a production WSGI server instead.
docker-compose-web-1    |  * Debug mode: off
docker-compose-web-1    |  * Running on all addresses.
docker-compose-web-1    |    WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production deployment.
docker-compose-web-1    |  * Running on http://172.18.0.2:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)

查看镜像

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker images
REPOSITORY           TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
docker-compose_web   latest       6df8b78250a1   44 seconds ago   185MB
redis                alpine       3900abf41552   5 weeks ago      32.4MB
python               3.7-alpine   a1034fd13493   5 weeks ago      41.8MB

启动 Docker Compose 时，会自动拉取需要的镜像。

查看容器

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                    NAMES
78a6f8b03a49   docker-compose_web   "flask run"              8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp   docker-compose-web-1
b4da6da4364f   redis:alpine         "docker-entrypoint.s…"   8 minutes ago   Up 8 minutes   6379/tcp                 docker-compose-redis-1

可以看到容器命名都带有数字，是因为需要集群管理，数字代表副本序号。

查看网络

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME                     DRIVER    SCOPE
b89f719e94e0   bridge                   bridge    local
619a5845a105   docker-compose_default   bridge    local
28d77e958643   host                     host      local
801fbbe1b38c   mynet                    bridge    local
c3ff850e96f0   none                     null      local

项目中的内容都在同个网络下。

访问测试

[root@sail docker-compose]# curl localhost:5000
Hello World! I have been seen 1 times.
[root@sail docker-compose]# curl localhost:5000
Hello World! I have been seen 2 times.
[root@sail docker-compose]# curl localhost:5000
Hello World! I have been seen 3 times.

Docker Compose 启动完成。

停止

docker-compose stop

示例

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker-compose stop
[+] Running 2/2⠿ Container docker-compose-redis-1  Stopped                                                                                                                 0.2s⠿ Container docker-compose-web-1    Stopped

停止并删除容器和网络

docker-compose down

示例

[root@sail docker-compose]# docker-compose down
[+] Running 3/3⠿ Container docker-compose-web-1    Removed                                                                                                                              10.2s⠿ Container docker-compose-redis-1  Removed                                                                                                                               0.2s⠿ Network docker-compose_default    Removed
[root@sail docker-compose]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@sail docker-compose]# docker network ls
NETWORK ID     NAME      DRIVER    SCOPE
b89f719e94e0   bridge    bridge    local
28d77e958643   host      host      local
801fbbe1b38c   mynet     bridge    local
c3ff850e96f0   none      null      local

可以看出，容器和网络都被删除了。

更多配置

https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/compose-file-v3/#compose-file-structure-and-examples

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