SpringCloud Alibaba

版本关系

版本依赖关系及说明可以参考如下链接：参考链接

版本选择

本次开发选择最新版本: 2021.0.4.0

查询版本对应关系:https://start.spring.io/actuator/info

 {"git": {"branch": "b63fdb671d5422ead117d3f62cdbf1bc41bd41db","commit": {"id": "b63fdb6","time": "2022-12-13T20:20:17Z"}},"build": {"version": "0.0.1-SNAPSHOT","artifact": "start-site","versions": {"spring-boot": "3.0.0","initializr": "0.20.0-SNAPSHOT"},"name": "start.spring.io website","time": "2022-12-13T20:35:38.244Z","group": "io.spring.start"},"bom-ranges": {"codecentric-spring-boot-admin": {"2.4.3": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.5.0-M1","2.5.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1","2.6.8": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <2.7.0-M1","2.7.4": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1","3.0.0-M4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"},"solace-spring-boot": {"1.1.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1","1.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"solace-spring-cloud": {"1.1.1": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1","2.1.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1","2.3.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"spring-cloud": {"Hoxton.SR12": "Spring Boot >=2.2.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0.M1","2020.0.6": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1","2021.0.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M3","2021.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M3 and <2.6.0-RC1","2021.0.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-RC1 and <2.6.1","2021.0.5": "Spring Boot >=2.6.1 and <3.0.0-M1","2022.0.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M2","2022.0.0-M2": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M2 and <3.0.0-M3","2022.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M3 and <3.0.0-M4","2022.0.0-M4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M4 and <3.0.0-M5","2022.0.0-M5": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M5 and <3.0.0-RC1","2022.0.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-RC1 and <3.0.0-RC2","2022.0.0-RC2": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-RC2 and <3.1.0-M1"},"spring-cloud-azure": {"4.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1","6.0.0-beta.4": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"},"spring-cloud-gcp": {"2.0.11": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1","3.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"spring-cloud-services": {"2.3.0.RELEASE": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1","2.4.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1","3.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1","3.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1","3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"spring-shell": {"2.1.4": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0 and <3.0.0-M1","3.0.0-M3": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1 and <3.1.0-M1"},"vaadin": {"14.9.2": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.6.0-M1","23.2.11": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1","23.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <2.8.0-M1"},"wavefront": {"2.0.2": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1","2.1.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1","2.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1","2.3.1": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"}},"dependency-ranges": {"native": {"0.9.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.3 and <2.4.4","0.9.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.4 and <2.4.5","0.9.2": "Spring Boot >=2.4.5 and <2.5.0-M1","0.10.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.5.2","0.10.1": "Spring Boot >=2.5.2 and <2.5.3","0.10.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.3 and <2.5.4","0.10.3": "Spring Boot >=2.5.4 and <2.5.5","0.10.4": "Spring Boot >=2.5.5 and <2.5.6","0.10.5": "Spring Boot >=2.5.6 and <2.5.9","0.10.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.9 and <2.6.0-M1","0.11.0-M1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.6.0-RC1","0.11.0-M2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-RC1 and <2.6.0","0.11.0-RC1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0 and <2.6.1","0.11.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.1 and <2.6.2","0.11.1": "Spring Boot >=2.6.2 and <2.6.3","0.11.2": "Spring Boot >=2.6.3 and <2.6.4","0.11.3": "Spring Boot >=2.6.4 and <2.6.6","0.11.5": "Spring Boot >=2.6.6 and <2.7.0-M1","0.12.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <2.7.1","0.12.1": "Spring Boot >=2.7.1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"okta": {"1.4.0": "Spring Boot >=2.2.0.RELEASE and <2.4.0-M1","1.5.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.4.1","2.0.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.1 and <2.5.0-M1","2.1.6": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"mybatis": {"2.1.4": "Spring Boot >=2.1.0.RELEASE and <2.5.0-M1","2.2.2": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1","2.3.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0-M1 and <3.0.0-M1","3.0.0": "Spring Boot >=3.0.0-M1"},"camel": {"3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1","3.10.0": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0.M1 and <2.5.0-M1","3.13.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.M1 and <2.6.0-M1","3.17.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0.M1 and <2.7.0-M1","3.19.0": "Spring Boot >=2.7.0.M1 and <3.0.0-M1"},"picocli": {"4.7.0": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0.RELEASE and <3.1.0-M1"},"open-service-broker": {"3.2.0": "Spring Boot >=2.3.0.M1 and <2.4.0-M1","3.3.1": "Spring Boot >=2.4.0-M1 and <2.5.0-M1","3.4.1": "Spring Boot >=2.5.0-M1 and <2.6.0-M1","3.5.0": "Spring Boot >=2.6.0-M1 and <2.7.0-M1"}}}

技术栈

微服务架构技术框架

微服务目录	相关技术
服务开发	Springboot2.7.6
服务配置与管理	Nacos2.0.4
服务注册与发现	Nacos2.0.4
服务调用	OpenFeign
服务熔断	Sentinel1.8.5
负载均衡	Spring Cloud LoadBalance、Robbin
消息队列	RocketMQ4.9.4
服务路由（API网关）	Spring Cloud Gateway
服务监控	Sentinel1.8.5
全链路追踪	`skywalking`
服务部署	Docker、kubernetes
数据流操作开发包	Spring Cloud Stream
分布式事务	Seata1.5.2
数据缓存	redis7、ehcache
持久层框架	Mybatis Plus 3.5.0
调度器	xxl-job

Nacos-服务冶理

官网地址

home

搭建环境

第1步: 安装nacos

 下载地址: https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases下载zip格式的安装包，然后进行解压缩操作

第2步: 启动nacos

 #linux系统sh startup.sh -m standalone#windows系统startup.cmd -m standalone

第3步: 访问nacos

打开浏览器输入http://localhost:8848/nacos，即可访问服务，默认密码是nacos/nacos

服务注册

添加依赖

 <dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency>

配置服务提供者

i. 在 application.properties 中配置 Nacos server 的地址

 # springspring:application:# 应用名称name: nk-systemcloud:nacos:discovery:# 服务注册地址server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848

ii. 通过 Spring Cloud 原生注解 @EnableDiscoveryClient 开启服务注册发现功能：

 @SpringBootApplication@EnableFeignClients@EnableDiscoveryClient //开启注册发现public class NkAssetApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(NkAssetApplication.class, args);}}

openFeign

添加依赖

   <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency>

开启注解

 @SpringBootApplication@EnableFeignClients //开启注解@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class NkAssetApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(NkAssetApplication.class, args);}}

服务调用

 /*** 调用人员服务* @author hesai*/@FeignClient(value="nk-system",fallback = SysUserService.class)public interface ISysUserService {/*** 查询人员信息* @return*/@GetMapping("/sys/user")public String findAll();}

Sentinel-服务容错

集成

  <dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId></dependency>

安装

官方地址

1、下载安装包

Release v1.8.5 · alibaba/Sentinel · GitHub

1.8.5下载地址：https://github.com/alibaba/Sentinel/releases/download/1.8.5/sentinel-dashboard-1.8.5.jar

2、启动服务

 java -Dserver.port=8080 -Dcsp.sentinel.dashboard.server=localhost:8080 -Dproject.name=sentinel-dashboard -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.8.5.jar

增加配置

 spring:application:# 应用名称name: nk-systemcloud:#服务熔断sentinel:transport:#port: 9999dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080

GateWay-服务网关

添加依赖

  <dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId><exclusions><exclusion><!--需要排除springboot web依赖，不然启动报错--><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></exclusion></exclusions></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId></dependency><!-- 一定要引入，不然无法使用服务名调用 --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-loadbalancer</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-sentinel-gateway</artifactId></dependency>

添加配置

 server:port: 9000# springspring:application:name: nk-gatewaycloud:nacos:discovery:# 服务注册地址server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848sentinel:eager: truetransport:# 控制台地址dashboard: 127.0.0.1:8080gateway:discovery:locator:enabled: true #让gateway通过nacos找到其他微服务

增加注解

 @SpringBootApplication@EnableDiscoveryClientpublic class NkGatewayApplication {public static void main(String[] args) {SpringApplication.run(NkGatewayApplication.class, args);}}

Nacos-服务配置

添加依赖

 <!--nacos 服务配置 --><dependency><groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId><artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-config</artifactId></dependency>

修改配置

不能使用原来的application.yml作为配置文件，而是新建一个bootstrap.yml作为配置文件

配置文件加载的优先级（由高到低） bootstrap.properties ->bootstrap.yml -> application.properties -> application.yml

spring:application:# 应用名称name: nk-assetprofiles:active: dev #环境标识cloud:nacos:config:  #服务配置server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848 #nacos中心地址file-extension: yaml # 配置文件格式

网关聚合Swagger

引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>io.springfox</groupId><artifactId>springfox-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>

增加SwaggerProvider

@Primary
@Component
public class SwaggerProvider implements SwaggerResourcesProvider, WebFluxConfigurer
{/*** Swagger2默认的url后缀*/public static final String SWAGGER2URL = "/v2/api-docs";

增加SwaggerHandler

 @RestController@RequestMapping("/swagger-resources")public class SwaggerHandler{@Autowired(required = false)private SecurityConfiguration securityConfiguration;@Autowired(required = false)private UiConfiguration uiConfiguration;

设置StripPrefix = 1

 /*** 重写StripPrefix = 1,支持全局* @author hesai* @date 2023年02月08日 14:42*/public class RequestGlobalFilter implements GlobalFilter, Ordered {@Overridepublic Mono<Void> filter(ServerWebExchange exchange, GatewayFilterChain chain) {ServerHttpRequest request = exchange.getRequest();// 重写StripPrefixaddOriginalRequestUrl(exchange, request.getURI());

总结

容错思路：隔离、超时、限流、熔断、降级
隔离方式有：线程池隔离和信号量隔离
服务熔断状态：关闭状态、开启状态、半熔断状态
sentinel流控模式：直接（默认）、关联、链路
事务特性：A：原子性(Atomicity)、C：一致性(Consistency)、I：隔离性(Isolation)、D：持久性(Durability)
TCC事务
Seata实现事务控制原理
Seata事务模式：AT、TCC、SAGA 和 XA 事务模式
Nacos注册服务工作过程原理
ribbin负载策略

问题

nacos

nacos无法启动

ERROR: Please set the JAVA_HOME variable in your environment, We need java(x64)! jdk8 or later is better! !!

原因：nacos/bin/startup.sh 中配置的JAVA_HOME路径不是系统JDK的路径

找到JDK安装路径

[hesai@localhost bin]$ which java

 [hesai@localhost bin]$ which java/bin/java[hesai@localhost bin]$ ls -lrt /bin/javalrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 11月  4 2021 /bin/java -> /etc/alternatives/java[hesai@localhost bin]$ ls -lrt /etc/alternatives/javalrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 71 11月  4 2021 /etc/alternatives/java -> /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64/jre/bin/java

修改/etc/profile文件

 /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.el7.x86_64/          export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jreexport CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JRE_HOME/lib:$CLASSPATHexport PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH

服务无法下线

错误：The Raft Group [naming_instance_metadata] did not find the Leader node

原因：注册的Ip啥的混乱了

解决方法：停掉nacos,再删掉 data目录下的protocol 文件夹,再重启nacos.最后再重启需要注册的那些服务.

openFeign调用一直走熔断

原因：

1、熔断配置问题

2、参考链接

 //启动类注解的扫描不到类，增加指定包路径@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.matech.nk.api"})

spring扫描时把openFeign实现类当成普通servcie自动注入，导致代理调用错了类，一直进入熔断类

swagger问题

无法加载接口出来

原因：配置文件中缺少配置

 spring:mvc:pathmatch:matching-strategy: ant-path-matcher

原因：

@ApiImplicitParam 配置的参数值与实际方法中参数不一致

 #检查控制层配置

No API definition provided

原因：

可能网关中配置有nacos地址与微服务中配置的IP不一致，nacos中找不到其他服务，如下错误配置
网关中没有配置环境标识，加载不到配置中心的参数

网关配置：

 server:port: 9000# springspring:application:name: nk-gateway#重要，没有配置这个，无法加载到nk-gateway-dev.yml文件profiles:active: dev #环境标识  cloud:nacos:discovery:# 服务注册地址server-addr: 192.168.1.145:8848config:#nacos中心地址server-addr: 192.168.1.145:8848# 配置文件格式file-extension: ymlsentinel:eager: truetransport:# 控制台地址dashboard: 192.168.1.145:8080

服务配置

 #环境配置server:port: 9001# spring配置spring:application:# 应用名称name: nk-systemprofiles:active: dev #环境标识cloud:nacos:discovery:# 服务注册地址server-addr: 192.168.1.206:8848config:#nacos中心地址server-addr: 192.168.1.206:8848# 配置文件格式file-extension: ymlshared-configs:- sys-application-${spring.profiles.active}.${spring.cloud.nacos.config.file-extension}

redis问题

对像无法序化

com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.exc.UnrecognizedPropertyException: Unrecognized field "workingOrganization"

原因：缓存中属性与实体属性不一致

文件上传

文件上传大小限制

 The field file exceeds its maximum permitted size of 1048576 bytes."

增加配置：

spring: servlet:multipart:enabled: truemax-file-size: 100MBmax-request-size: 100MB

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SpringCloud学习随笔(一)

SpringCloud Alibaba

版本关系

版本选择

技术栈

Nacos-服务冶理

Sentinel-服务容错

GateWay-服务网关

Nacos-服务配置

网关聚合Swagger

总结

问题

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