ABAP 正则表达式

ABAP支持正则表达式。

支持正则表达式的语句：

1.FIND,REPLACE语句；

2.Functions:count,count_xxx,contains,find,find_xxx,match,matches,replace,substring,substring_xxx;

3.类：CL_ABAP_REGEX,CL_ABAP_MATCHER;

1. 正则表达式语句规则

1.1 Single Character Patterns

单个普通字符：A-B,0-9等单个字符，以及一些特殊字符通过反斜杠(\)转义变成普通字符；

特殊字符：. , [,],-,^这些字符作为特殊操作符，-,^只有在[]中有特殊意义；

示例：

"1.Single Character Patterns "示例："regex:A  string:a  结果：不匹配"regex:AB string:A  结果：不匹配IF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = 'A' text = 'A' ) = abap_true.WRITE:/ '1.true'.ENDIF.".,[,],-,^特殊操作字符".可以替换任意单个字符；"\使用反斜杠将特殊字符变成普通字符；"\和一些字符一起表示一组字符(不能再[]中使用)："1.\C:表示字母字符集；"2.\d:表示数字字符集；"3.\D:表示非数字字符集;"4.\l:表示小写字符集；"5.\L:表示非小写字符集；"6.\s:表示空白字符;"7.\S:表示非空白字符;"8.\u:表示大写字符集；"9.\U:表示非大写字符集;"10.\w:表示字母数字下划线字符集;"11.\W:表示非字母数字下划线字符集;"[]表示一个字符集,只需要匹配字符集中一个字符，表示匹配；"[^x]表示对该字符集取反，只需要不匹配字符集中任意字符，表示匹配；"[x-x]表示字符集范围，A-Z,a-z,0-1等；"ABAP定义的字符集"1.[:alnum:]字母数字集；"2.[:alpha:]字母集；"3.[:digit:]数字集;"4.[:blank:]空白字符，水平制表符;"5.[:cntrl:]所有控制字符集;"6.[:graph:]可显示字符集，除空白和水平制表符;"7.[:lower:]小写字符集;"8.[:print:]所有可显示字符的集合([：graph:]和[：blank:]的并集);"9.[:punct:]所有标点字符集;"10.[:space:]所有空白字符、制表符和回车符的集合;"11.[:unicode:]字符表示大于255的所有字符集(仅在Unicode系统中);"12.[:upper:]所有大写字符集;"13.[:word:]包括下划线在内的所有字母数字字符集_;"14.[:xdigit:]所有十六进制数字的集合(“0”-“9”，“A”-“F”，和“A”-“F”);"示例："regex:\. string:.  结果：匹配"regex:\C string:A  结果:匹配"regex:.. string:AB 结果：匹配"regex:[ABC]  string:A  结果：匹配"regex:[AB][CD] string:AD 结果：匹配"regex:[^A-Z] string:1 结果：匹配"regex:[A-Z-] string:- 结果：匹配IF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = '[A-Z-]' text = 'A' ) = abap_true.WRITE:/ '2.true'.ENDIF.

1.2 Character string patterns

多正则表达式连接匹配。

特殊字符{,},*,+,?,(,),|,\

示例：

 "2.Character string patterns "示例："regex:h[ae]llo  string:hello 结果：匹配；"regex:h[ae]llo  string:hallo 结果：匹配;IF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = '[A-Z-]' text = 'A' ) = abap_true.WRITE:/ '3.true'.ENDIF."｛,｝,*,+,?,(,),|,\特殊字符"x{n}:表示修饰的字符出现n次；"x{n,m}:表示修饰字符出现n~m次；"x*:表示修饰字符出现{0,}次；"x+:表示修饰字符出现{1,}次；"x?:表示修饰字符出现{0,1}次;"a|b:表示匹配a或b字符;"()：表示分组匹配"(?:xxx):表示xxx出现一次"使用\1,\2代表分组从左到右"\Qxxx\E之间的特殊字符变成普通字符"示例:"regex:hi{2}o string:hiio 结果:匹配"regex:hi{1,3}o string:hiiio 结果:匹配"regex:hi?o  string:ho 结果：匹配"regex:hi*o    string:ho  结果：匹配"regex:hi+o    string:hio  结果：匹配"regex:.{0,4}  string:匹配0~4个字符"regex:a|bb|c   string:bb    结果：匹配"regex:h(a|b)o string:hao   结果：匹配"regex:(a|b)(?:ac)  string:bac  结果：匹配"regex:(").*\1  string："hi"  结果：匹配IF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = '(a|b)(?:ac)' text = 'bac' ) = abap_true.WRITE:/ '4.true'.ENDIF.IF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = '(").*\1' text = '"hi"' ) = abap_true.WRITE:/ '5.true'.ENDIF.DATA:TEXT type STRING.DATA:result_tab TYPE match_result_tab.DATA:wa_result_tab TYPE match_result.text = 'aaaaaabaaaaaaacaaaa'.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX '(a+)(a)' IN text RESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ text.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP.

1.3 Search Pattern

开始结尾字符匹配

示例：

 "3.Search Pattern"特殊字符：^,$,\,(,),=,!"示例1：Start and end of a line"^,$表示前置符号，结尾符号，每一行text = |Line1\nLine2\nLine3|.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX '^'IN text RESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ text.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX '$'IN text RESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ text.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP."示例2：Start and end of a character string"\A,\z作为前置符号，结尾符号，字符串开始结尾DATA:t_text(10) TYPE c.DATA:t_text_tab LIKE TABLE OF text.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.APPEND '     Smile' TO t_text_tab.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF regex '\A(?:Smile)|(?:Smile)\z'IN TABLE t_text_tab RESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ 'Smile匹配'.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP."示例3"\z匹配最后行，\Z忽略换行匹配最后字符text = |... this is the end\n\n\n|.FIND REGEX 'end\z' IN text.IF sy-subrc <> 0.WRITE  / `There's no end.`.ENDIF.FIND  REGEX 'end\Z' IN text.IF sy-subrc = 0.WRITE / `The end is near the end.`.ENDIF."示例4:Start and End of Word"\<,\>也表示匹配开头，结尾单词"\b表示开头结尾匹配"查找s开头text = `Sometimes snow seems so soft.`.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF regex '\<s'IN text IGNORING CASERESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ 's开头',text.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF regex 's\b'IN text IGNORING CASERESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ 's开头或结尾',text.LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP."示例5：Preview Condition"预定义匹配内容不作为匹配结果内容"(?=x),相当于匹配x"(?!x),相当于不匹配xtext = `Shalalala!`.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX '(?:la)(?=!)'IN text RESULTS result_tab.WRITE:/ text."这里匹配到最后'la','!'不作为匹配到内容LOOP AT result_tab INTO wa_result_tab.WRITE:/ wa_result_tab-line,wa_result_tab-offset,wa_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP."示例6：Cut operatorDATA:s_text TYPE string.DATA:moff TYPE i.DATA:mlen TYPE i.s_text = `xxaabbaaaaxx`.FIND REGEX 'a+b+|[ab]+' IN textMATCH OFFSET moffMATCH LENGTH mlen.WRITE:/ s_text.IF sy-subrc = 0.WRITE:/ moff.WRITE:/ mlen.WRITE:/ text+moff(mlen).ENDIF.FIND REGEX '(?>a+b+|[ab]+)' IN textMATCH OFFSET moffMATCH LENGTH mlen.WRITE:/ s_text.IF sy-subrc = 0.WRITE:/ moff.WRITE:/ mlen.WRITE:/ text+moff(mlen).ENDIF.FIND REGEX '(?>a+|a)a' IN textMATCH OFFSET moffMATCH LENGTH mlen.WRITE:/ s_text.IF sy-subrc <> 0.WRITE:/ moff.WRITE:/ mlen.WRITE:/ 'Nothing found'.ENDIF.

1.4 Replace Patterns

替换字符REPLACE

示例：

"4.Replace Patterns"REPLACE关键词替换字符"特殊字符：$,&,`,`"示例1：Addressing the Full Occurrencetext = `Yeah!`.REPLACE REGEX `\w+` IN text WITH `$0,$&`.WRITE:/ text."示例2：Addressing the Registers of Subgroups"自身分组替换，返回`CBA'n'ABC`text = `ABC'n'CBA`.REPLACE REGEX `(\w+)(\W\w\W)(\w+)` IN text WITH `$3$2$1`.WRITE:/ text."示例3：Addressing the Text Before the Occurrencetext = `ABC and BCD`.REPLACE REGEX 'and' IN text WITH '$0 $`'."ABC and ABC  BCDWRITE:/ text.

1.5 Simplified Regular Expressions

简化正则表达式

示例：

 "5.Simplified Regular Expressions"这个类CL_ABAP_REGEX，仅支持简化正则表达式"不支持+,|,(?=),(?!),(?:);"{} => \{\}"() => \(\)"示例1DATA:lo_regex TYPE REF TO cl_abap_regex.DATA:t_res   TYPE match_result_tab.DATA:wa_res  TYPE match_result."不使用simplified Regular,+表示前面字符出现｛1，｝CREATE OBJECT lo_regexEXPORTINGpattern      = 'a+'ignore_case  = abap_true "忽略大小写simple_regex = abap_false.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX lo_regex IN 'aaa+bbb' RESULTS t_res.LOOP AT t_res INTO wa_res.WRITE:/ wa_res-line,wa_res-offset,wa_res-length.ENDLOOP."使用simplified Regular,+表示普通+CREATE OBJECT lo_regexEXPORTINGpattern      = 'a+'simple_regex = abap_true.FIND ALL OCCURRENCES OF REGEX lo_regex IN 'aaa+bbb' RESULTS t_res.LOOP AT t_res INTO wa_res.WRITE:/ wa_res-line,wa_res-offset,wa_res-length.ENDLOOP.

1.6 Special Characters in Regular Expressions

示例：

  "6.Special Characters in Regular Expressions"正则表达式中特殊表达式"\ Escape character for special characters"反斜杠转义字符"$0, $& Placeholder for the whole found location"$1, $2, $3... Placeholder for the registration of subgroups"$` Placeholder for the text before the found location"$' Placeholder for the text after the found location

2. 正则表达式使用

2.1FIND,REPLACE关键词

示例：

 "使用FIND,REPLACE关键词"FIND"语法：FIND [{FIRST OCCURRENCE}|{ALL OCCURRENCES} OF] pattern"  IN [section_of] dobj"  [IN {CHARACTER|BYTE} MODE]"  [find_options]."pattern = {[SUBSTRING] substring} | {REGEX regex}"可以查找substring或匹配regex"section_of = SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF"可以指定查找dobj字符串匹配范围，off匹配开始位置，len偏移长度"find_options = [{RESPECTING|IGNORING} CASE]"   [MATCH COUNT  mcnt]"   { {[MATCH OFFSET moff]"   [MATCH LENGTH mlen]}"  | [RESULTS result_tab|result_wa] }"  [SUBMATCHES s1 s2 ...]"mcnt:匹配次数，如果first occurrence,mcnt一直为1"moff:最后一次匹配偏移值，如果是first occurrence,则是第一次匹配值"mlen:最后一次匹配字符串长度,如果是first occurence,则是第一次匹配值"submatches:分组匹配字符串"示例1DATA:s1   TYPE string.DATA:s2   TYPE string.text = `Hey hey, my my, Rock and roll can never die`.FIND REGEX `(\w+)\W+\1\W+(\w+)\W+\2` IN textIGNORING CASEMATCH OFFSET moffMATCH LENGTH mlenSUBMATCHES s1 s2.WRITE:/ moff,mlen,s1,s2."REPLACE"语法："1. REPLACE [{FIRST OCCURRENCE}|{ALL OCCURRENCES} OF] pattern"  IN [section_of] dobj WITH new"  [IN {CHARACTER|BYTE} MODE]"  [replace_options]."replace_options = [{RESPECTING|IGNORING} CASE]"  [REPLACEMENT COUNT  rcnt]"  {{[REPLACEMENT OFFSET roff][REPLACEMENT LENGTH rlen]}" |[RESULTS result_tab|result_wa]}"2. REPLACE SECTION [OFFSET off] [LENGTH len] OF dobj WITH new" [IN {CHARACTER|BYTE} MODE].text = 'hello1 world!22'.REPLACEALL OCCURRENCES OFREGEX '[0-9]'IN SECTION OFFSET 0 LENGTH 10 OF textWITH '!'.WRITE:/ text."指定位置范围替换REPLACE SECTION OFFSET 10 LENGTH 5 OF text WITH '!'.WRITE:/ text.

2.2使用function

可以使用到正则表达式的function:find,count,match等方法。

示例：

 "使用function"find"返回匹配字符位置"语法："1.find( val = text  {sub = substring}|{regex = regex}[case = case][off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"2.find_end( val = text regex = regex [case = case][off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"3.find_any_of( val = text  sub = substring [off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"4.find_any_not_of( val = text  sub = substring [off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"occ表是返回第几次匹配值，如果为正从左到右匹配，如果为负从右到左匹配"示例DATA:mocc TYPE I VALUE 1.DATA:result TYPE I.text = 'hello world world'.result = find( val = text sub = 'wo' case = abap_true off = moff len = mlen occ = mocc ).WRITE:/ text,result,moff,mlen,mocc."count"返回匹配次数"语法："1.count( val = text  {sub = substring}|{regex = regex} [case = case][off = off] [len = len] )"2.count_any_of( val = text  sub = substring [off = off] [len = len] )"3.count_any_not_of( val = text  sub = substring [off = off] [len = len] )result = count( val = text sub = 'wo' case = abap_true off = moff len = mlen ).WRITE:/ text,result,moff,mlen."match"返回匹配结果子串"语法："match( val = text regex = regex [case = case] [occ = occ] )DATA:s_result TYPE string.s_result = match( val = text regex = 'wor' case = abap_true occ = 1 ).WRITE:/ s_result."contains"返回字符串是否包含子串，boolean"1.contains( val = text  sub|start|end = substring [case = case][off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"2.contains( val = text regex = regex [case = case][off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"3.contains_any_of( val = text sub|start|end = substring [off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"4.contains_any_not_of( val = text sub|start|end = substring [off = off] [len = len] [occ = occ] )"off:匹配开始位置"len:从开始偏移量"occ:指定匹配次数，如果匹配字符串没有出现大于等于指定次数，返回false"case:大小写敏感text = 'abcdef egg help'.IF contains( val = text sub = 'e' case = abap_true off = 0 len = 15 occ = 2 ).WRITE:/ 'contains:匹配成功'.ENDIF."matches"返回字符串匹配结果，boolean"语法：matches( val = text regex = regex [case = case] [off = off] [len = len] ) ..."示例：text = '33340@334.com'."匹配邮箱IF matches( val   = textregex = `\w+(\.\w+)*@(\w+\.)+((\l|\u){2,4})` ).MESSAGE 'Format OK' TYPE 'S'.ELSEIF matches(val   = textregex = `[[:alnum:],!#\$%&'\*\+/=\?\^_``\{\|}~-]+`     &`(\.[[:alnum:],!#\$%&'\*\+/=\?\^_``\{\|}~-]+)*` &`@[[:alnum:]-]+(\.[[:alnum:]-]+)*`              &`\.([[:alpha:]]{2,})` ).MESSAGE 'Syntax OK but unusual' TYPE 'S' DISPLAY LIKE 'W'.ELSE.MESSAGE 'Wrong Format' TYPE 'S' DISPLAY LIKE 'E'.ENDIF."replace"替换指定范围字符串，off,len指定"1.replace( val = text [off = off] [len = len] with = new )"替换匹配字符子串"如果off有值,len = 0,表示插入到off处；"如果len有值,off = 0,替换头部len长度字符串;"如果off等于字符串长度,len=0，表示将子串拼接到字符串后；"2.replace( val = text {sub = substring}|{regex = regex} with = new [case = case] [occ = occ] )"occ指定替换次数"示例：text = 'hello world! welcome china!'.text = replace( val = text off = 0 len = 5 with = 'hi' ).WRITE:/ 'replace:',text."这里只替换第一次匹配的'!'text = replace( val = text sub = '!' with = '.' case = abap_true occ = 1 ).WRITE:/ 'replace:',text."substring"返回子字符串"1.substring( val = text [off = off] [len = len] )"2.substring_from( val = text {sub = substring}|{regex = regex}[case = case] [occ = occ] [len = len]  )"3.substring_after( val = text {sub = substring}|{regex = regex}[case = case] [occ = occ] [len = len] )"4.substring_before( val = text {sub = substring}|{regex = regex}[case = case] [occ = occ] [len = len]  )"5.substring_to( val = text {sub = substring}|{regex = regex}[case = case] [occ = occ] [len = len]  )text = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMN'.text = substring( val = text off = 0 len = 10 ).WRITE:/ 'substring:',text."返回ABCDE,返回匹配子字符串，len指定返回长度text = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMN'.text = substring_from( val = text sub = 'ABCDEF' case = abap_true occ = 1 len = 5 ).WRITE:/ 'substring:',text."返回DEFGH,返回查找到字符串后面len长度部分text = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMN'.text = substring_after( val = text sub = 'ABC' case = abap_true occ = 1 len = 5 ).WRITE:/ 'substring:',text."返回DEFGH,返回查找到字符串前面len长度部分text = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMN'.text = substring_before( val = text sub = 'JKL' case = abap_true occ = 1 len = 5 ).WRITE:/ 'substring:',text."返回GHJKL,返回查找到字符串前面len长度部分(包含匹配字符串)text = 'ABCDEFGHJKLMN'.text = substring_to( val = text sub = 'JKL' case = abap_true occ = 1 len = 5 ).WRITE:/ 'substring:',text.

2.3使用cl_abap_regex,cl_abap_matcher

类cl_abap_regex,用来创建正则表达式,cl_abap_matcher,用来进行匹配，查找，替换等操作。

示例：

 "使用类"CL_ABAP_REGEX"CL_ABAP_MATCHERDATA:lo_matcher TYPE REF TO cl_abap_matcher.DATA:ls_match TYPE match_result.DATA:lv_match TYPE C LENGTH 1."直接使用cl_abap_matcher类方法matchesIF cl_abap_matcher=>matches( pattern = 'ABC.*' text = 'ABCDABCE' ) = abap_true."返回静态实例lo_matcher = cl_abap_matcher=>get_object( )."获取匹配结果ls_match = lo_matcher->get_match( )."cl_abap_matcher的attribute"text:匹配的字符串"table:匹配的table"regex:匹配的正则表达式WRITE:/ 'cl_abap_matcher:',lo_matcher->text,ls_match-offset,ls_match-length.ENDIF."创建matcher对象，然后匹配lo_matcher = cl_abap_matcher=>create( pattern = 'A.*'ignore_case = abap_truetext        = 'ABC' )."匹配结果,匹配‘X’,不匹配为空lv_match = lo_matcher->match( ).WRITE:/ 'cl_abap_matcher:',lv_match."创建cl_abap_regex,正则表达式对象"通过regex对象创建matcher"DATA: lo_regex TYPE REF TO cl_abap_regex.CREATE OBJECT lo_regex EXPORTING pattern = '^add.*' ignore_case = abap_true.lo_matcher = lo_regex->create_matcher( text = 'addition' ).lv_match = lo_matcher->match( ).WRITE:/'cl_abap_matcher:',lv_match."创建matcher对象，使用构造方法DATA:t_result_tab TYPE MATCH_RESULT_TAB.DATA:s_result_tab TYPE MATCH_RESULT.CREATE OBJECT lo_regex EXPORTING pattern = 'A'.CREATE OBJECT lo_matcher EXPORTING REGEX = lo_regex TEXT = 'ABCDABCD'.t_result_tab = lo_matcher->find_all( ).LOOP AT t_result_tab INTO s_result_tab.WRITE:/ 'find_all:',s_result_tab-offset,s_result_tab-length.ENDLOOP.

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