项目场景：

在Spring单元测试的时候容易发生的bug

问题描述：

严重: Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@3cbbc1e0] to prepare test instance [Annotest@2cdd0d4b]
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'Annotest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'target'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'target' is expected to be of type 'com.sxit.anno.Target' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy18'at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1344)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:399)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'target' is expected to be of type 'com.sxit.anno.Target' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy18'at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1527)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1505)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584)... 27 moreorg.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'Annotest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'target'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'target' is expected to be of type 'com.sxit.anno.Target' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy18'at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:587)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:91)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:373)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1344)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:399)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:246)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:227)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:289)at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:291)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:246)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:97)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:70)at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:190)at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException: Bean named 'target' is expected to be of type 'com.sxit.anno.Target' but was actually of type 'com.sun.proxy.$Proxy18'at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.checkBeanNotOfRequiredType(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1527)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1505)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1104)at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1065)at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:584)... 27 more

主要原因是在测试时注入的是具体实现而不是接口

原因分析：

为什么@Autowired使用在interface上而不是实现类上？首先，一般使用接口是很常用并且有益的变成技术。其次，在spring中，你可以在运行过程中注入各种实现。一个很经典的情况就是在测试阶段，注入模拟的实现类。

解决方案：

将注入的实现类换成向上的接口

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项目场景：

问题描述：

原因分析：

解决方案：

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