查了很多资料，很多资料都是把mock跟unittest结合在一起讲的，unittest本身是有一定难度的，其实我们完全可以单独使用mock的。参考文献1中把mock讲的很详细，只要静下心来看，必定收获很多，感谢译者的辛勤付出！参考文献2中有个pdf文档，是最详细的官方文档，大概100页，也很不错，没有深入读了，以后用到了再在这篇博客里更新。

我现在主要是在nose框架下使用的mock，mock主要有name，return_value,side_effect,和spec四个函数，其中的意义都看下面的文档吧。

四个主要的assert方法：

assert_called_with  是否调用了这个函数

assert_called_once_with  是否只调用了一次这个函数

assert_has_calls 查看方法调用的顺序

assert_any_calls  是否调用了这个函数，前两个函数只能判断离它们最近的一次调用，这个是全局的。

参见代码：

from mock import Mock, callclass Order(object):# instance properties_orderItem = "None"_orderAmount = 0_orderFilled = -1# Constructordef __init__(self, argItem, argAmount):print "Order:__init__"# set the order itemif (isinstance(argItem, str)):if (len(argItem) > 0):self._orderItem = argItem# set the order amountif (argAmount > 0):self._orderAmount = argAmount# Magic methodsdef __repr__(self):# assemble the dictionarylocOrder = {'item':self._orderItem, 'amount':self._orderAmount}return repr(locOrder)# Instance methods# attempt to fill the orderdef fill(self, argSrc):print "Order:fill_"try:# does the warehouse has the item in stock?if (argSrc is not None):if (argSrc.hasInventory(self._orderItem)):# get the itemlocCount =    argSrc.getInventory(self._orderItem, self._orderAmount)# update the following propertyself._orderFilled = locCountelse:print "Inventory item not available"else:print "Warehouse not available"except TypeError:print "Invalid warehouse"# check if the order has been filleddef isFilled(self):print "Order:isFilled_"return (self._orderAmount == self._orderFilled)class Warehouse(object):    # private properties_houseName = None_houseList = None# accessorsdef warehouseName(self):return (self._houseName)def inventory(self):return (self._houseList)# -- INVENTORY ACTIONS# set up the warehousedef setup(self, argName, argList):pass# check for an inventory itemdef hasInventory(self, argItem):pass# retrieve an inventory itemdef getInventory(self, argItem, argCount):pass# add an inventory itemdef addInventory(self, argItem, argCount):passclass Test_Order(object):# preparing to test# objective: creating an orderdef test_orderCheck(self):"""Test routine C"""# creating a test ordertestOrder = Order("mushrooms", 10)print repr(testOrder)fooSource = Mock(spec = Warehouse)fooSource.hasInventory.return_value = TruefooSource.getInventory.return_value = 0# perform the testassert fooSource != NonetestOrder.fill(fooSource)# perform the checksassert testOrder.isFilled() == Falseassert testOrder._orderFilled == 0fooSource.hasInventory.assert_called_once_with("mushrooms")print fooSource.mock_calls

参考文献：1.http://www.oschina.net/translate/unit-testing-with-the-python-mock-class

2.https://pypi.python.org/pypi/mock