Oracle列转行函数 Listagg()详解

详解

listagg()函数可以实现多列记录聚合为一条记录，从而实现数据的压缩、致密化（data densification）

基本用法

像聚合函数一样，通过Group by语句，把每个Group的一个字段，拼接起来
LISTAGG(XXX,XXX) WITHIN GROUP( ORDER BY XXX)

示例：

with temp as(
select '中国' nation ,'江苏' city from dual union all
select '中国' nation ,'上海' city from dual union all
select '中国' nation ,'北京' city from dual union all
select '美国' nation ,'纽约' city from dual union all
select '美国' nation ,'波士顿' city from dual union all
select '日本' nation ,'东京' city from dual
)
select nation,listagg(city,',') within GROUP (order by city)  as Cities
from temp
group by nation

查询结果

高级用法

listagg(XXX,’,’) within GROUP (order by XXX) over (partition by XXX) rank

示例

with temp as(
select 500 population, '中国' nation ,'江苏' city from dual union all
select 1500 population, '中国' nation ,'上海' city from dual union all
select 500 population, '中国' nation ,'北京' city from dual union all
select 1000 population, '美国' nation ,'纽约' city from dual union all
select 500 population, '美国' nation ,'波士顿' city from dual union all
select 500 population, '日本' nation ,'东京' city from dual
)
select population,
nation,
city,
listagg(city,',') within GROUP (order by city) over (partition by nation) rank
from temp

运行结果

Oracle Database SQL Language Reference上有关listagg()函数的描述如下：

Purpose
For a specified measure, LISTAGG orders data within each group specified in the ORDER BY clause and then concatenates the values of the measure column.

As a single-set aggregate function, LISTAGG operates on all rows and returns a single output row.
As a group-set aggregate, the function operates on and returns an output row for each group defined by the GROUP BY clause.
As an analytic function, LISTAGG partitions the query result set into groups based on one or more expression in the query_partition_clause.
The arguments to the function are subject to the following rules:
The measure_expr can be any expression. Null values in the measure column are ignored.
The delimiter_expr designates the string that is to separate the measure values.
This clause is optional and defaults to NULL.
The order_by_clause determines the order in which the concatenated values are returned. The function is deterministic only if the ORDER BY column list achieved
unique ordering.
The return data type is RAW if the measure column is RAW; otherwise the return value is VARCHAR2.
Aggregate Examples
The following single-set aggregate example lists all of the employees in Department 30 in the hr.employees table, ordered by hire date and last name:
SELECT LISTAGG(last_name, '; ')
WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date, last_name) “Emp_list”,
MIN(hire_date) “Earliest”
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 30;
Emp_list Earliest

Raphaely; Khoo; Tobias; Baida; Himuro; Colmenares 07-DEC-02
The following group-set aggregate example lists, for each department ID in the hr.employees table, the employees in that department in order of their hire date:

SELECT department_id “Dept.”,
LISTAGG(last_name, '; ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date) “Employees”
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY department_id;
Dept. Employees

10 Whalen
20 Hartstein; Fay
30 Raphaely; Khoo; Tobias; Baida; Himuro; Colmenares
40 Mavris
50 Kaufling; Ladwig; Rajs; Sarchand; Bell; Mallin; Weiss; Davie
s; Marlow; Bull; Everett; Fripp; Chung; Nayer; Dilly; Bissot
; Vollman; Stiles; Atkinson; Taylor; Seo; Fleaur; Matos; Pat
el; Walsh; Feeney; Dellinger; McCain; Vargas; Gates; Rogers;
Mikkilineni; Landry; Cabrio; Jones; Olson; OConnell; Sulliv
an; Mourgos; Gee; Perkins; Grant; Geoni; Philtanker; Markle
60 Austin; Hunold; Pataballa; Lorentz; Ernst
70 Baer
. . .
Analytic Example
The following analytic example shows, for each employee hired earlier than September 1, 2003, the employee’s department, hire date, and all other employees in
that department also hired before September 1, 2003:
SELECT department_id “Dept”, hire_date “Date”, last_name “Name”,
LISTAGG(last_name, '; ') WITHIN GROUP (ORDER BY hire_date, last_name)
OVER (PARTITION BY department_id) as “Emp_list”
FROM employees
WHERE hire_date < ‘01-SEP-2003’
ORDER BY “Dept”, “Date”, “Name”;
Dept Date Name Emp_list

30 07-DEC-02 Raphaely Raphaely; Khoo
30 18-MAY-03 Khoo Raphaely; Khoo
40 07-JUN-02 Mavris Mavris
50 01-MAY-03 Kaufling Kaufling; Ladwig
50 14-JUL-03 Ladwig Kaufling; Ladwig
70 07-JUN-02 Baer Baer
90 13-JAN-01 De Haan De Haan; King
90 17-JUN-03 King De Haan; King
100 16-AUG-02 Faviet Faviet; Greenberg
100 17-AUG-02 Greenberg Faviet; Greenberg
110 07-JUN-02 Gietz Gietz; Higgins
6-AUG-02 Faviet Faviet; Greenberg
100 17-AUG-02 Greenberg Faviet; Greenberg
110 07-JUN-02 Gietz Gietz; Higgins
110 07-JUN-02 Higgins Gietz; Higgins