windows虚拟多桌面技术

Windows 10 发布后，微软终于在自家的操作系统里面内置了虚拟桌面功能，而这是 macOS 上早已标配的功能。

这个功能确实有很强的需求，在没有虚拟桌面之前，对于主力设备是 Windows 的我来说，经常要频繁切换浏览器、日历软件、任务管理软件、聊天软件和邮件客户端……的窗口。窗口之间的重合交叠让人感到「邋遢」和不爽：

可以用windows的SysinternalsSuite工具包里面的Desktops.exe进行虚拟桌面的创建：

虚拟桌面能干什么

每个虚拟桌面可以被看成是一个独立的工作空间（Workspace）。

每创建一个虚拟桌面，就像打开了一个新的工作空间。在新的空间中，你能够开启一套完全不同的任务，而不用担心和以前的任务窗口混杂陈列。

创建的每个桌面是相互隔离的，也就是说如果一个程序如果实在无法隐藏程序界面，可以单独创建一个桌面并将程序的界面Switch过去即可，这样就可以“偷偷”在后台工作了。当然我们在做windows本地桌面应用的时候也可以利用多桌面技术，比如可以开辟一个干净的“桌面”进行一些私密的工作（比如玩游戏），之后可以快速的切换回来假装什么都没做 :)

话不多说，下面是windows多桌面创建的代码：

// desktop.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//
#include "stdafx.h"#include <string>
#include <Windows.h>
#include <wininet.h>
#include <shlobj.h>
#include <AclAPI.h>
#include <UserEnv.h>
#include <WtsApi32.h>
#include <Sddl.h>#define VIR_DESKTOP  L"VirDesktop"
#define SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP  L"default"#define I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_NO_CHANGE    -1
#define I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_CENTER       0   //居中
#define I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_TILE         1   //平铺
#define I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_STRETCH      2   //拉伸bool set_desktop_picture(const std::wstring& str_img_path, int i_option, bool b_save)
{HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;hr = CoInitialize(NULL);bool b_inited_ok = false;if (hr == S_OK){b_inited_ok = true;}IActiveDesktop* pIAD = NULL;hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ActiveDesktop, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IActiveDesktop, (void**)&pIAD);if (FAILED(hr)){if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}hr = pIAD->SetWallpaper(str_img_path.c_str(), 0);if (FAILED(hr)){pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}if (i_option > 0){WALLPAPEROPT wp = { 0 };wp.dwSize = sizeof(WALLPAPEROPT);wp.dwStyle = i_option;hr = pIAD->SetWallpaperOptions(&wp, 0);}if (b_save){hr = pIAD->ApplyChanges(AD_APPLY_ALL);}else{hr = pIAD->ApplyChanges(AD_APPLY_REFRESH);}if (FAILED(hr)){pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return true;
}bool set_desktop_picture(const std::wstring& str_img_path, std::wstring& str_old_img_path, int& i_old_option, int i_option, bool b_save)
{i_old_option = I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_NO_CHANGE;str_old_img_path.clear();HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;bool b_inited_ok = false;hr = CoInitialize(NULL);if (hr == S_OK){b_inited_ok = true;}IActiveDesktop* pIAD = NULL;hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ActiveDesktop, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IActiveDesktop, (void**)&pIAD);if (FAILED(hr)){if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}wchar_t img[4096] = { 0 };hr = pIAD->GetWallpaper(img, 4096, AD_GETWP_LAST_APPLIED);if (FAILED(hr)){pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}str_old_img_path = img;WALLPAPEROPT wp = { 0 };wp.dwSize = sizeof(WALLPAPEROPT);hr = pIAD->GetWallpaperOptions(&wp, 0);i_old_option = wp.dwStyle;hr = pIAD->SetWallpaper(str_img_path.c_str(), 0);if (i_option > 0){WALLPAPEROPT wp = { 0 };wp.dwSize = sizeof(WALLPAPEROPT);wp.dwStyle = i_option;hr = pIAD->SetWallpaperOptions(&wp, 0);}if (b_save){hr = pIAD->ApplyChanges(AD_APPLY_ALL);}else{hr = pIAD->ApplyChanges(AD_APPLY_REFRESH);}if (FAILED(hr)){pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();//set_destop_picture_by_reg(str_img_path);return true;
}bool get_desktop_picture(std::wstring& str_img_path, int& i_option)
{i_option = I_WALLPAPER_STYTLE_NO_CHANGE;str_img_path.clear();HRESULT hr = S_FALSE;bool b_inited_ok = false;hr = CoInitialize(NULL);if (hr == S_OK){b_inited_ok = true;}IActiveDesktop* pIAD = NULL;hr = CoCreateInstance(CLSID_ActiveDesktop, NULL, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, IID_IActiveDesktop, (void**)&pIAD);if (FAILED(hr)){if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}wchar_t img[4096] = { 0 };hr = pIAD->GetWallpaper(img, 4096, AD_GETWP_LAST_APPLIED);if (FAILED(hr)){pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return false;}str_img_path = img;WALLPAPEROPT wp = { 0 };wp.dwSize = sizeof(WALLPAPEROPT);hr = pIAD->GetWallpaperOptions(&wp, 0);i_option = wp.dwStyle;pIAD->Release();if (b_inited_ok)CoUninitialize();return true;
}bool set_destop_picture_by_reg(const std::wstring& str_img_path, bool b_save)
{// Change the wallpaper.UINT ui = SPIF_SENDWININICHANGE;if (b_save){ui = ui | SPIF_UPDATEINIFILE;}SystemParametersInfo(SPI_SETDESKWALLPAPER, 0, (void*)str_img_path.c_str(), ui);return true;
}// bool  set_desktop_path(const std::wstring& str_path, std::wstring& str_old_path)
// {
//  QRegEdit reg;
//  str_old_path.clear();
//  if (reg.OpenDir(L"Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer\\User Shell Folders", true, HKEY_CURRENT_USER, KEY_READ | KEY_WRITE))
//  {
//      reg.GetStr(L"Desktop", str_old_path);
//      return reg.SetStr(L"Desktop", str_path);
//  }
//
//  return false;
// }int create_desktop(const std::wstring& _str_desk_name)
{std::wstring str_desk_name = _str_desk_name;if (str_desk_name.empty()){str_desk_name = SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP;}SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES attributes = { sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), 0, TRUE };HDESK hdesktop = OpenDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), DF_ALLOWOTHERACCOUNTHOOK, TRUE, GENERIC_ALL);if (hdesktop == NULL){hdesktop = CreateDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), NULL, NULL, 0, GENERIC_ALL, &attributes);if (hdesktop == NULL){return -1;}BOOL bRet = FALSE;PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR SecDes = NULL;bRet = ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptor(TEXT("S:(ML;;NW;;;LW)"), SDDL_REVISION_1, &SecDes, NULL);if (bRet){BOOL bSaclDefaulted = FALSE;BOOL bSaclPresent = FALSE;PACL SecACL = NULL;bRet = GetSecurityDescriptorSacl(SecDes, &bSaclPresent, &SecACL, &bSaclDefaulted);if (bRet){SetSecurityInfo(hdesktop, SE_WINDOW_OBJECT, 0x10, NULL, NULL, NULL, SecACL);}}}CloseDesktop(hdesktop);return 0;
}int create_desktop_no_close(HDESK& hdesk_ret, const std::wstring& _str_desk_name)
{hdesk_ret = NULL;std::wstring str_desk_name = _str_desk_name;if (str_desk_name.empty()){str_desk_name = SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP;}SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES attributes = { sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), 0, TRUE };HDESK hdesktop = OpenDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), DF_ALLOWOTHERACCOUNTHOOK, TRUE, GENERIC_ALL);if (hdesktop == NULL){hdesktop = CreateDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), NULL, NULL, 0, GENERIC_ALL, &attributes);if (hdesktop == NULL){return -1;}BOOL bRet = FALSE;PSECURITY_DESCRIPTOR SecDes = NULL;bRet = ConvertStringSecurityDescriptorToSecurityDescriptor(TEXT("S:(ML;;NW;;;LW)"), SDDL_REVISION_1, &SecDes, NULL);if (bRet){BOOL bSaclDefaulted = FALSE;BOOL bSaclPresent = FALSE;PACL SecACL = NULL;bRet = GetSecurityDescriptorSacl(SecDes, &bSaclPresent, &SecACL, &bSaclDefaulted);if (bRet){SetSecurityInfo(hdesktop, SE_WINDOW_OBJECT, 0x10, NULL, NULL, NULL, SecACL);}}}hdesk_ret = hdesktop;return 0;
}int change_to_desktop(const std::wstring& _str_desk_name)
{std::wstring str_desk_name = _str_desk_name;if (str_desk_name.empty()){str_desk_name = SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP;}HDESK hdesktop = OpenDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), DF_ALLOWOTHERACCOUNTHOOK, TRUE, GENERIC_ALL);if (hdesktop == NULL){create_desktop_no_close(hdesktop, str_desk_name);}if (hdesktop != NULL){if (SwitchDesktop(hdesktop)){CloseDesktop(hdesktop);return 0;}else{CloseDesktop(hdesktop);return -2;}}else{return -3;}return -4;
}int change_thread_to_desktop(const std::wstring& _str_desk_name)
{std::wstring str_desk_name = _str_desk_name;if (str_desk_name.empty()){str_desk_name = SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP;}HDESK hdesktop = OpenDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), DF_ALLOWOTHERACCOUNTHOOK, TRUE, GENERIC_ALL);if (hdesktop == NULL){create_desktop_no_close(hdesktop, str_desk_name);}if (hdesktop != NULL){if (SetThreadDesktop(hdesktop)){CloseDesktop(hdesktop);return 0;}else{CloseDesktop(hdesktop);return -2;}}return -3;
}int  run_exe(const std::wstring& str_img_path, const std::wstring& _str_desk_name)//str_desk_name为空表示切换到系统默认桌面
{std::wstring str_desk_name = _str_desk_name;if (str_desk_name.empty()){str_desk_name = SYSTEM_DEFAULT_DESKTOP;}HDESK hdesktop = OpenDesktopW(str_desk_name.c_str(), DF_ALLOWOTHERACCOUNTHOOK, TRUE, GENERIC_ALL);if (hdesktop == NULL){create_desktop_no_close(hdesktop, str_desk_name);}if (hdesktop != NULL){PROCESS_INFORMATION pInfo = { 0 };STARTUPINFO sInfo = { 0 };wchar_t name[1024] = { 0 };wcscpy_s(name, 1024, str_desk_name.c_str());sInfo.cb = sizeof(sInfo);sInfo.lpDesktop = name;sInfo.dwFlags = STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW;sInfo.wShowWindow = SW_SHOW;wchar_t cmd[2048] = { 0 };wcscpy_s(cmd, 2046, str_img_path.c_str());BOOL bRet = CreateProcess(NULL, cmd, NULL, NULL, TRUE,NULL, NULL, NULL, &sInfo, &pInfo);//MSDN上面说pszCurDir [in] Not supported; set to NULL，不然的话如果cmd参数传入多个参数，就会进程创建失败CloseDesktop(hdesktop);if (bRet == FALSE){return -2;}return 0;}return -3;
}

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虚拟桌面能干什么

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