Terraform指南：安装

使用之前首先必须将 Terraform 安装在你的机器上。Terraform 是以二进制安装包发布的，它可以支持所有的平台和架构。在本章节我们将不会涉及如何通过源代码编译 Terraform，但是对于那些需要通过源代码编译来构建可信任的二进制的用户，我们在指南的其他章节会有阐述。

安装 Terraform

Terraform 安装包是zip格式的压缩文件，安装之前需首先根据系统类型下载合适的安装包。

Terraform 安装包下载完成后进行解压。Terraform 是一个名称为 terraform 的可执行的二进制文件，包中的其他任何文件都可以删除也不影响 Terraform 正常工作。

最后，确保 terraform 二进制文件路径添加到 PATH 环境变量中。请参见本指南中关于在Linux、Mac、Windows上如何设置 PATH。

验证安装

Terraform 安装完成之后，打开终端检查 terraform 是否可用，执行 terraform 命令可以看到如下类似的帮助提示：

$ terraform
Usage: terraform [--version] [--help] <command> [args]The available commands for execution are listed below.
The most common, useful commands are shown first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands. If you're just getting
started with Terraform, stick with the common commands. For the
other commands, please read the help and docs before usage.Common commands:apply              Builds or changes infrastructureconsole            Interactive console for Terraform interpolations
# ...

如果看到 terrform 无法找到的错误信息，那么就是 PATH 环境变量没有设置正确。请检查确保 PATH 变量包含 Terrform 的安装路径。

获取帮助

Terraform CLI 内置了在线帮助，所有命令都可以使用 --help 参数来获得帮助信息，例如：

$ terraform -help
Usage: terraform [-version] [-help] <command> [args]The available commands for execution are listed below.
The most common, useful commands are shown first, followed by
less common or more advanced commands. If you are just getting
started with Terraform, stick with the common commands. For the
other commands, please read the help and docs before usage.Common commands:apply              Builds or changes infrastructureconsole            Interactive console for Terraform interpolationsdestroy            Destroy Terraform-managed infrastructureenv                Workspace managementfmt                Rewrites config files to canonical formatget                Download and install modules for the configurationgraph              Create a visual graph of Terraform resourcesimport             Import existing infrastructure into Terraforminit               Initialize a Terraform working directoryoutput             Read an output from a state fileplan               Generate and show an execution planproviders          Prints a tree of the providers used in the configurationrefresh            Update local state file against real resourcesshow               Inspect Terraform state or plantaint              Manually mark a resource for recreationuntaint            Manually unmark a resource as taintedvalidate           Validates the Terraform filesversion            Prints the Terraform versionworkspace          Workspace managementAll other commands:0.12upgrade        Rewrites pre-0.12 module source code for v0.12debug              Debug output management (experimental)force-unlock       Manually unlock the terraform statepush               Obsolete command for Terraform Enterprise legacy (v1)state              Advanced state management

任意这些子命令都可以加上 --help 参数获取更多的帮助信息，例如：

$ terraform --help planUsage: terraform plan [options] [DIR]Generates an execution plan for Terraform.This execution plan can be reviewed prior to running apply to get asense for what Terraform will do. Optionally, the plan can be saved toa Terraform plan file, and apply can take this plan file to executethis plan exactly.Options:-destroy            If set, a plan will be generated to destroy all resourcesmanaged by the given configuration and state.-detailed-exitcode  Return detailed exit codes when the command exits. Thiswill change the meaning of exit codes to:0 - Succeeded, diff is empty (no changes)1 - Errored2 - Succeeded, there is a diff-input=true         Ask for input for variables if not directly set.-lock=true          Lock the state file when locking is supported.-lock-timeout=0s    Duration to retry a state lock.-no-color           If specified, output will not contain any color.-out=path           Write a plan file to the given path. This can be used asinput to the "apply" command.-parallelism=n      Limit the number of concurrent operations. Defaults to 10.-refresh=true       Update state prior to checking for differences.-state=statefile    Path to a Terraform state file to use to lookup Terraform-managed resources. By default it willuse the state "terraform.tfstate" if it exists.-target=resource    Resource to target. Operation will be limited to thisresource and its dependencies. This flag can be usedmultiple times.-var "foo=bar"      Set a variable in the Terraform configuration. Thisflag can be set multiple times.-var-file=foo       Set variables in the Terraform configuration froma file. If "terraform.tfvars" or any ".auto.tfvars"files are present, they will be automatically loaded.

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