CentOS 6.5 X64上64位Oracle11gR2 静默安装,静默设置监听,静默建库亲自实践记录

一,下载地址

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html

Oracle 11g 联机文档:

http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage

二,系统要求

内存:1G(官方最低要求1G)

硬盘:40G(企业版安装所需4.29G和1.7G数据文件)

检查的命令

内存

# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

交换空间

# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

磁盘空间

# df -ah

三,安装前系统准备

1、修改主机名

# sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=oracledb/" /etc/sysconfig/network

# hostname oracledb

2、添加主机名与IP对应记录

#vi /etc/hosts

10.10.0.48    oracledb

3、关闭Selinux

# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config # setenforce 0

4、创建用户和组(root用户:创建Oracle安装组oinstall,数据库管理员组dba,及oracle用户)

#

# groupadd -g 200 oinstall

# groupadd -g 201 dba

# useradd -u 440 -g oinstall -G dba oracle (主组oinstall,其它组:dba)

# passwd oracle   #(P)

5、修改内核参数(root用户:修改/etc/sysctl.conf 文件,加上如下参数)

# vi/etc/sysctl.conf  #末尾添加如下

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range= 9000 65500

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 10523004

kernel.shmmax = 6465333657

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100128

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_max=1048576

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

# sysctl -p  #使配置生效

6、修改系统资源限制(root用户:修改/etc/security/limits.conf 文件,加上下面的参数)

# vi/etc/security/limits.conf #末尾添加如下

oracle  soft  nproc  2047

oracle  hard  nproc  16384

oracle  soft  nofile  1024

oracle  hard  nofile  65536

7、修改用户验证选项(root用户下:修改/etc/pam.d/login文件加上如下参数)

# vi/etc/pam.d/login

session    required    pam_namespace.so  #下面添加一条pam_limits.so

session    required    pam_limits.so

9、创建安装目录及设置权限

# mkdir -p /opt/app/oracle/

# chmod 755 /opt/app/oracle/

# :

10、设置oracle环境变量

使用oracle账户

#su - oracle

$ vi ~/.bash_profile

#设置oracle

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export ROACLE_PID=ora11g

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

完成后执行:

source  ~/.bash_profile

$ env | grep ORA #查看环境变量是否完成

oracle@oracledb ~]$ env | grep ORA

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

四、安装Oracle

1、安装依赖包

# yum -y install  gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel glibc glibc-common glibc-devel libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel unixODBC unixODBC-devel

2, 安装oracle

# ccd

# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

3,字符界面下安装oracle

在/opt目录下解压oracle软件

$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

解压后得到database目录,其中包含response目录,该目录中有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。

三个文件作用分别是:

db_install.rsp:安装应答

dbca.rsp:创建数据库应答

netca.rsp:建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答

将db_install.rsp备份一份,在其基础上修改内容, 将create database段中内容设置好即可。

修改静默安装的配置文件

$ less home/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"

oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory

SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN

ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false

oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.7.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.1.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.1.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.1.0

oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName= orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID= orcl

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=1500

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true    //一定要设为true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

去掉DISPLAY设置

unset DISPLAY

开始静默安装

$ ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller –silent -ignorePrereq -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 165908 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 16383 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.

[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.

CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log

ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

[WARNING] [INS-32055] The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

CAUSE: The Central Inventory is located in the Oracle base.

ACTION: Oracle recommends placing this Central Inventory in a location outside the Oracle base directory.

[WARNING] [INS-13014] Target environment do not meet some optional requirements.

CAUSE: Some of the optional prerequisites are not met. See logs for details. /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log

ACTION: Identify the list of failed prerequisite checks from the log: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-29_03-35-32PM/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log. Then either from the log file or from installation manual find the appropriate configuration to meet the prerequisites and fix it manually.

You can find the log of this install session at:

/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2015-01-29_03-35-32PM.log

The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.

#!/bin/sh

#Root scripts to run

/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh

To execute the configuration scripts:

1. Open a terminal window

2. Log in as "root"

3. Run the scripts

4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue

Successfully Setup Software.

安装完毕后会提示上述的信息,按照要求执行上述脚本即可

备注:[WARNING] 是需要安装一些i386 的包。查看log安装即可

五,配置监听程序

先配置DISPLAY

Export DISPLAY=:0.0

$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/netca.rsp

[oracle@oracledb bin]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/netca.rsp

Parsing command line arguments:

Parameter "silent" = true

Parameter "responsefile" = /opt/database/response/netca.rsp

Done parsing command line arguments.

Oracle Net Services Configuration:

Profile configuration complete.

Listener "LISTENER" already exists.

Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0

//如果报错需要安装yum install libXtst-devel 和

ead "main" java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/jdk/jre/lib/amd64/xawt/libmawt.so: libXext.so.6: wrong ELF class: ELFCLASS32

at java.lang.ClassLoader$NativeLibrary.load(Native Method)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary0(ClassLoader.java:1751)

at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadLibrary(ClassLoader.java:1647)

///

启动监控程序

$  /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

或$ORACLE_BADE//opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 30-JAN-2015 13:23:46

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                30-JAN-2015 13:23:47

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

启动成功

静默dbca建库

oracle@oracledb]$ vim /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp

GDBNAME = " orcl.dg01"78 行全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名

SID="orcl" //149行SID

CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行编码

NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行编码

[oracle@oracledb response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /opt/database/response/dbca.rsp

Enter SYS user password:

Enter SYSTEM user password:

sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory

sh: /bin/ksh: No such file or directory

Copying database files

1% complete

3% complete

11% complete

18% complete

26% complete

37% complete

Creating and starting Oracle instance

40% complete

45% complete

50% complete

55% complete

56% complete

57% complete

60% complete

62% complete

Completing Database Creation

66% complete

70% complete

73% complete

74% complete

85% complete

96% complete

100% complete

Look at the log file "/opt/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g/ora11g.log" for further details.

启动数据库

$ sqlplus / as sysdba  //as前有个空格

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:26:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> start

SP2-1506: START, @ or @@ command has no arguments

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes

Fixed Size                  2217832 bytes

Variable Size            1795164312 bytes

Database Buffers         1476395008 bytes

Redo Buffers               16568320 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

使用show parameter;或者select table_name from dba_tables看看是否正常

启动监听

启动监听:lsnrctl start

查看监听:lsnrctl status

停止监听:lsnrctl stop

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 16-FEB-2015 14:45:01

Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

Start Date                16-FEB-2015 14:45:02

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 3 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/oracledb/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=oracledb)(PORT=1521)))

The listener supports no services

The command completed successfully

报错排除

[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 161383 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 16383 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_01-34-45PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32012] Unable to create directory.

CAUSE: Either proper permissions were not granted to create the directory or there was no space left in the volume.

ACTION: Check your permission on the selected directory or choose another directory.

[FATAL] [INS-32012] Unable to create directory.

CAUSE: Either proper permissions were not granted to create the directory or there was no space left in the volume.

ACTION: Check your permission on the selected directory or choose another directory.

error

[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 165989 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 16383 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_03-18-11PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32015] The location specified for Oracle home Location is invalid.

CAUSE: The specified location cannot be used for Oracle home Location. Either the specified location is not found on the system or is detected to be a file.

ACTION: Specify a valid location for Oracle home Location.

[WARNING] [INS-32018] The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base.

CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base.

ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.

[FATAL] [INS-32021] Insufficient disk space on this volume for the selected Oracle home.

CAUSE: The selected Oracle home was on a volume without enough disk space.

ACTION: Choose a location for Oracle home that has enough space (minimum of 4,397MB) or free up space on the existing volume.

解决办法:

检查了环境变量$ORACLE_BASE和$ORACLE_HOME发现两个路径均正常,没有发现任何异常

逐步从头排查,发现在文件./response/db_install.rsp中INVENTORY_LOCATION、ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_HOME三个字段被配置成了相对路径

umask 022

export ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle/app

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

export ORACLE_SID=orcl

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin :$PATH:$HOME/bin

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall 5402 Aug 18  2009 welcome.html

[oracle@oracledb database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /opt/database/response/db_install.rsp

Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 165989 MB    Passed

Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 16383 MB    Passed

Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_05-56-45PM. Please wait ...[oracle@oracledb database]$ [FATAL] [INS-32015] The location specified for Oracle home Location is invalid.

CAUSE: The specified location cannot be used for Oracle home Location. Either the specified location is not found on the system or is detected to be a file.

ACTION: Specify a valid location for Oracle home Location.

[WARNING] [INS-32018] The selected Oracle home is outside of Oracle base.

CAUSE: The Oracle home selected was outside of Oracle base.

ACTION: Oracle recommends installing Oracle software within the Oracle base directory. Adjust the Oracle home or Oracle base accordingly.

[FATAL] [INS-32021] Insufficient disk space on this volume for the selected Oracle home.

CAUSE: The selected Oracle home was on a volume without enough disk space.

ACTION: Choose a location for Oracle home that has enough space (minimum of 4,397MB) or free up space on the existing volume.

A log of this session is currently saved as: /tmp/OraInstall2015-01-26_05-56-45PM/installActions2015-01-26_05-56-45PM.log. Oracle recommends that if you want to keep this log, you should move it from the temporary location to a more permanent location.

报错,解决

$ sqlplus / as sysdba  报错如下:

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:21:24 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:

ORA-12162: TNS:net service name is incorrectly specified

Enter user-name:

*****解决办法

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_HOME

/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

oracle_SID 为空

添加SID

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ export ORACLE_SID= orcl

确认添加成功

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID

orcl

测试是否启动

[oracle@oracledb ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:26:57 2015

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> start

SP2-1506: START, @ or @@ command has no arguments

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes

Fixed Size                  2217832 bytes

Variable Size            1795164312 bytes

Database Buffers         1476395008 bytes

Redo Buffers               16568320 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL>

正常,问题得到解决

还可以将ORACLE_SID等环境变量写入到系统profile中,但需要确保系统profile文件内容的有效

创建表空间

create tablespace avatar_analysis logging datafile '/opt/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/avatar_analysis.dbf' size 50m  autoextend on next 50m maxsize 32767m extent management local;

创建用户

create user avatar identified by avatar default tablespace avatar_analysis;

授予权限

grant connect,resource,dba to avatar;

Linux oracle 数据库整体迁移或备份

EXP SYSTEM/MANAGER BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\FULL.DMP FULL=Y

EXP SONIC/SONIC    BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\SONIC.DMP OWNER=SONIC

EXP SONIC/SONIC    BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\SONIC.DMP OWNER=SONIC TABLES=(SONIC)

IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\FULL.DMP FULL=Y

IMP SONIC/SONIC    BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\SONIC.DMP FROMUSER=SONIC TOUSER=SONIC

IMP SONIC/SONIC    BUFFER=64000 FILE=C:\SONIC.DMP FROMUSER=SONIC TOUSER=SONIC TABLES=(SONIC)

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