spring整合Hibernate步骤以及遇到的问题

文章目录

spring整合Hibernate步骤以及遇到的问题
- 步骤：
- - 创建实体类：
  - 编写Dao层：
  - 编写server层：
  - spring配置文件
  - hibernate配置文件
  - 用到的注解：
- 遇到的问题
- - 找不到spring的@Transactional注解
  - 使用HibernateDaoSupport时注入SessionFactory的方式
  - 使用自动扫描机制时要添加扫描包
- xml配置全过程代码

使用环境：
idea 2019.1
jdk 1.8
spring 5.3.1
hibernate 5.4.6
连接数据库方式 dbcp

步骤介绍使用的是注解注入，后面贴上了使用配置文件配置。

步骤：

创建一个spring项目并且勾上Web Application、勾上hibernate，Libraries选择Set up library later

**创建好项目后，在web目录下创建lib子目录，将要添加的jar复制到里面，并右键所有复制进去的包，选择Add as library成功将jar包导入到项目中。**以下为使用到的jar包，圈出的为必须导入。

整合spring和hibernate时对于配置文件有两种写法：将hibernate配置文件直接写入spring配置文件中；另外写hibernate配置文件，在spring中注入。（以下演示选择的是后者，后者spring的配置文件更简洁）
ps：1.、在整合后的hibernate配置文件中只存放：dialect、ddl模式、是否显示sql、加载映射文件等配置，数据库连接方式和数据库信息，均在spring配置文件中配置成dataSource
2、加入spring后，hibernate的DataSource、SessionFactory、事务管理都由spring配置，并且添加了HibernateTemplate、HibernateDaosupport使得hibernate的使用更加方便

创建实体类：

使用的是注解映射，所以不用编写映射文件，但是要在hibernate配置文件中加载mapping映射

package com.sise.hgl.po;import javax.persistence.*;@Table(name = "user")
@Entity
public class User {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)@Column(name = "id", nullable = false)private int id;@Column(name = "username", nullable = false)private String username;public void setId(int id){this.id = id;}public int getId(){return id;}public void setUsername(String username){this.username = username;}public String getUsername(){return username;}
}

编写Dao层：

Dao层接口：

package com.sise.hgl.dao;import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;@Repository
public interface UserDao {public void addUser(User user);public void deleteUser(User user);public User queryUser(int id);public void updateUser(User user);
}

接口实现类:
UserDaoImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao.impl;import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;import javax.annotation.Resource;@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {public void setSuperSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory){super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);}public void addUser(User user) {getHibernateTemplate().persist(user);}public void deleteUser(User user) {getHibernateTemplate().delete(user);}public User queryUser(int id) {return getHibernateTemplate().get(User.class, id);}public void updateUser(User user) {getHibernateTemplate().update(user);}
}

编写server层：

Service层接口：
UserService.java

package com.sise.hgl.service;import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;@Service
public interface UserService {public void addUser(User user);public void deleteUser(User user);public User queryUser(int id);public void updateUser(User user);}

接口实现类：
UserServiceImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.service.impl;import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service("userService")
@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {@Resourceprivate UserDao userDao;public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {this.userDao = userDao;}public void addUser(User user) {userDao.addUser(user);}public void deleteUser(User user) {userDao.deleteUser(user);}public User queryUser(int id) {return userDao.queryUser(id);}public void updateUser(User user) {userDao.updateUser(user);}
}

spring配置文件

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"><!-- 配置数据库连接池（数据源） --><bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"><property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/><property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate"/><property name="username" value="数据库用户名"/><property name="password" value="数据库密码"/><property name="maxTotal" value="100"/><property name="maxIdle" value="60"/><property name="maxWaitMillis" value="10000"/></bean><!-- 配置SessionFactory --><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/><property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/></bean><!-- 配置Hibernate事务管理 --><bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/><!-- 配置HibernateTemplate --><bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean><<!-- spring自动扫描机制 用于注解注释--><context:component-scan base-package="com.sise.hgl.dao.impl"/><context:component-scan base-package="com.sise.hgl.service.impl"/>
</beans>

使用tx，需要引入命名空间

hibernate配置文件

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration><session-factory><property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property><property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property><property name="show_sql">true</property><mapping class="com.sise.hgl.po.User"/></session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

测试类：

package com.sise.hgl;import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class MainApplication {private  static ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("ApplicationContext.xml");private static UserService userService = (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");public static void main(String[] args) {addUser();delete(5);update(1, "hgl");findUserById(2);}public static void addUser(){User u1 = new User();u1.setUsername("Gavin");userService.addUser(u1);User u2 = new User();u2.setUsername("Steven");userService.addUser(u2);User u3 = new User();u3.setUsername("Tom");userService.addUser(u3);User u4 = new User();u4.setUsername("David");userService.addUser(u4);User u5 = new User();u5.setUsername("GLongH");userService.addUser(u5);}public static void findUserById(int id){User user = userService.queryUser(id);System.out.println("编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());}public static void update(int id, String name){User user = userService.queryUser(id);System.out.println("修改前：" + "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());user.setUsername(name);userService.updateUser(user);user = userService.queryUser(id);System.out.println("修改后：" + "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());}public static void delete(int id){User user = userService.queryUser(id);System.out.println("即将删除的数据为："+ "编号：" + user.getId() + "的姓名是：" + user.getUsername());userService.deleteUser(user);System.out.println("successfully");}}

用到的注解：

@Entity:声明该类是Hibernate的实体类
@Table:对应数据库的表
@Id:声明为主键
@GeneratedValue:主键生成策略
@Column:声明数据对应的数据库字段
@Repository:与@component作用一样，前者表明该bean是dao层bean，默认id为类名首字母小写，可以另外设定。
@Service:与@component作用一样，前者表明该bean是service层bean，默认id为类名首字母小写，可以另外设定。
@Resource:通过名字注入，该注解是jdk中的不是spring中的。
@Transactional:由spring自动管理hibernate事务。

遇到的问题

找不到spring的@Transactional注解

引入@Transactional只有import javax.transaction.Transactional的源，而没有spring包下的。
解决：该注解是org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional中的，在spring-tx包下，导入jar包即可。

使用HibernateDaoSupport时注入SessionFactory的方式

在使用HibernateDaoSupport的同时使用注解会遇到如何注入SessionFactory的问题，直接声明一个SessionFactory成员属性，这个方法并不能成功注入。而直接重写父类的setHibernateTemplate()方法可以但是！！！该方法是final不能重写。

解决：使用父类调用该方法完成注入

@Resourcepublic void setSessionFactoryBySuper(SessionFactory sessionFactory){super.setSessionFactory(sessionFactory);}

使用自动扫描机制时要添加扫描包

使用spring的自动扫描机制时，需要在配置文件中添加

 <context:component-scan base-package="..."/>

xml配置全过程代码

User.java

package com.sise.hgl.po;public class User {private int id;private String username;public void setId(int id){this.id = id;}public int getId(){return id;}public void setUsername(String username){this.username = username;}public String getUsername(){return username;}
}

UserDao.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao;import com.sise.hgl.po.User;public interface UserDao {public void addUser(User user);public void deleteUser(User user);public User queryUser(int id);public void updateUser(User user);
}

UserDaoImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.dao.impl;import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate;public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {private HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate;public void setHibernateTemplate(HibernateTemplate hibernateTemplate){this.hibernateTemplate = hibernateTemplate;}public void addUser(User user) {hibernateTemplate.persist(user);}public void deleteUser(User user) {hibernateTemplate.delete(user);}public User queryUser(int id) {return hibernateTemplate.get(User.class, id);}public void updateUser(User user) {hibernateTemplate.update(user);}
}

UserService.java

package com.sise.hgl.service;import com.sise.hgl.po.User;public interface UserService {public void addUser(User user);public void deleteUser(User user);public User queryUser(int id);public void updateUser(User user);}

UserServiceImpl.java

package com.sise.hgl.service.impl;import com.sise.hgl.dao.UserDao;
import com.sise.hgl.po.User;
import com.sise.hgl.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;import javax.annotation.Resource;@Transactional(readOnly = false)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {private UserDao userDao;public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {this.userDao = userDao;}public void addUser(User user) {userDao.addUser(user);}public void deleteUser(User user) {userDao.deleteUser(user);}public User queryUser(int id) {return userDao.queryUser(id);}public void updateUser(User user) {userDao.updateUser(user);}}

ApplicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/contexthttp://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsdhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/txhttp://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd"><bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp2.BasicDataSource"><property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/><property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate"/><property name="username" value="root"/><property name="password" value="sise"/><property name="maxTotal" value="100"/><property name="maxIdle" value="60"/><property name="maxWaitMillis" value="10000"/></bean><bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"><property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/><property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"/></bean><bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean><tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/><bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTemplate"><property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/></bean><bean id="userDao" class="com.sise.hgl.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"><property name="hibernateTemplate" ref="hibernateTemplate"/></bean><bean id="userService" class="com.sise.hgl.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"><property name="userDao" ref="userDao"/></bean>
</beans>

hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration><session-factory><property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property><property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">create</property><property name="show_sql">true</property><mapping resource="com/sise/hgl/po/User.hbm.xml"/></session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

User.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN""http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.sise.hgl.po">
<class name="User" table="user"><id name="id"><generator class="identity"/></id><property name="username" type="string" length="50" not-null="true" column="username"/>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

以上是学习过程总结，如有疏漏之处，还请不吝赐教，让我能更加了解这方面内容，提前感谢。