CentOS8 安装 MariaDB数据库
2024-05-28 06:52:32
创建MariaDB.repo文件
[root@nextcloud etc]# cd yum.repos.d/
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo epel-modular.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo epel.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo epel-testing-modular.repo
CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo epel-testing.repo
CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo remi-modular.repo
CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo remi-release-8.rpm
CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo remi.repo
CentOS-Linux-Media.repo remi-safe.repo
CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# vi mariadb.repo
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# vi mariadb.repo修改MariaDB.repo文件
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# cat mariadb.repo
# MariaDB 10.5 CentOS repository list - created 2021-06-23 09:53 UTC
# http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/
[mariadb]
name = MariaDB
baseurl = http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos8-amd64
module_hotfixes=1
gpgkey=https://yum.mariadb.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB
gpgcheck=1
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]#执行安装命令
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# sudo dnf install MariaDB-server
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
MariaDB 95 kB/s | 603 kB 00:06
上次元数据过期检查：0:00:03 前，执行于 2022年07月25日 星期一 09时40分34秒。
依赖关系解决。
===============================================================================软件包 架构 版本 仓库 大小
===============================================================================
安装:MariaDB-server x86_64 10.5.16-1.el8 mariadb 26 M
安装依赖关系:MariaDB-client x86_64 10.5.16-1.el8 mariadb 13 Mgalera-4 x86_64 26.4.11-1.el8 mariadb 13 Msocat x86_64 1.7.4.1-1.el8 AppStream 323 k
降级:MariaDB-common x86_64 10.5.16-1.el8 mariadb 87 k事务概要
===============================================================================
安装 4 软件包
降级 1 软件包总下载：54 M
确定吗？[y/N]： y
下载软件包：
(1/5): MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 51 kB/s | 87 kB 00:01
(2/5): socat-1.7.4.1-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 177 kB/s | 323 kB 00:01
(3/5): galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 86 kB/s | 13 MB 02:39
(4/5): MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 48 kB/s | 13 MB 04:43
(5/5): MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64.rpm 46 kB/s | 26 MB 09:49
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
总计 93 kB/s | 54 MB 09:51
运行事务检查
事务检查成功。
运行事务测试
事务测试成功。
运行事务准备中 : 1/1运行脚本: MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 1/6降级 : MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 1/6运行脚本: MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 1/6运行脚本: MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 2/6安装 : MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 2/6运行脚本: MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 2/6安装 : socat-1.7.4.1-1.el8.x86_64 3/6运行脚本: galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64 4/6安装 : galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64 4/6运行脚本: galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64 4/6运行脚本: MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 5/6安装 : MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 5/6运行脚本: MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 5/6Two all-privilege accounts were created.
One is root@localhost, it has no password, but you need to
be system 'root' user to connect. Use, for example, sudo mysql
The second is mysql@localhost, it has no password either, but
you need to be the system 'mysql' user to connect.
After connecting you can set the password, if you would need to be
able to connect as any of these users with a password and without sudoSee the MariaDB Knowledgebase at https://mariadb.com/kbPlease report any problems at https://mariadb.org/jiraThe latest information about MariaDB is available at https://mariadb.org/.Consider joining MariaDB's strong and vibrant community:
https://mariadb.org/get-involved/运行脚本: MariaDB-common-10.9.1-1.el8.x86_64 6/6清理 : MariaDB-common-10.9.1-1.el8.x86_64 6/6运行脚本: MariaDB-common-10.9.1-1.el8.x86_64 6/6运行脚本: MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 6/6运行脚本: MariaDB-common-10.9.1-1.el8.x86_64 6/6验证 : MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 1/6验证 : MariaDB-common-10.9.1-1.el8.x86_64 2/6验证 : socat-1.7.4.1-1.el8.x86_64 3/6验证 : MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 4/6验证 : MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 5/6验证 : galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64 6/6已降级:MariaDB-common-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64
已安装:MariaDB-client-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64 MariaDB-server-10.5.16-1.el8.x86_64galera-4-26.4.11-1.el8.x86_64 socat-1.7.4.1-1.el8.x86_64完毕！
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]#初始化MariaDB
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# systemctl start mariadb.service
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable mariadb.service
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.其他MariaDB服务管理命令：
systemctl enable mariadb.service #设置开机启动
systemctl restart mariadb.service #重新启动
systemctl status mariadb.service #查看下状态
systemctl stop mariadb.service #停止MariaDB服务
systemctl disable mariadb.service #删除MariaDB服务
初始化MariaDB配置
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]# mysql_secure_installationNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDBSERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and
haven't set the root password yet, you should just press enter here.Enter current password for root (enter for none):
OK, successfully used password, moving on...Setting the root password or using the unix_socket ensures that nobody
can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation.You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] y
Enabled successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!You already have your root account protected, so you can safely answer 'n'.Change the root password? [Y/n] y # 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车
New password: # 设置root用户的密码
Re-enter new password:
Password updated successfully!
Reloading privilege tables..... Success!By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for
them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y # 是否删除匿名用户，回车... Success!Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] #是否禁止root远程登录,回车,... Success!By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] # 是否删除test数据库，回车- Dropping test database...... Success!- Removing privileges on test database...... Success!Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] #是否重新加载权限表，回车... Success!Cleaning up...All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB
installation should now be secure.Thanks for using MariaDB!
[root@nextcloud yum.repos.d]#修改my.cnf字符集
[root@nextcloud etc]# cat my.cnf
#
# This group is read both by the client and the server
# use it for options that affect everything
#
[client-server]#
# include *.cnf from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
[mysqld]
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8mb4_general_ci'
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
skip-character-set-client-handshake增加数据库用户、数据库名
[root@nextcloud etc]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 3
Server version: 10.5.16-MariaDB MariaDB ServerCopyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_database | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_server | utf8mb4 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.001 sec)+----------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+--------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8mb4_general_ci |
+----------------------+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'wqb'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host from mysql.user;
+-------------+-----------+
| User | Host |
+-------------+-----------+
| mariadb.sys | localhost |
| mysql | localhost |
| root | localhost |
| username | localhost |
| wqb | localhost |
+-------------+-----------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nextcloud CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES on nextcloud.* to 'username'@'localhost';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| nextcloud |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.001 sec)MariaDB [(none)]> use nextcloud
Database changed
MariaDB [nextcloud]> show tables;
Empty set (0.000 sec)MariaDB [nextcloud]> quit
Bye
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