《专业英语》期末复习资料整理

虽然是线上考试
还是把雨课堂中的所有题整合了一遍，方便复习。

这里是配套的问卷星：https://ks.wjx.top/vj/Ob9Ark5.aspx

最新(2022-04-30)：感谢 @预判你的代码补充部分问答题

本文目录

- - 最新(2022-04-30)：感谢 [@预判你的代码](https://blog.csdn.net/m0_60375625) 补充部分问答题
- Unit 1
- - 选择题
  - 翻译
  - 问答题
- Unit 2
- - 选择题
  - 翻译
  - 问答题
- Unit 4
- - 选择题
  - 翻译
  - 问答题
- Unit 6
- - 选择题
  - 翻译
- Unit 7
- - 翻译
  - 问答题

Unit 1

选择题

1.Some computers are designed to() their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration.[单选题] *

A. distribute(正确答案)
B. distributed
C. distributing
D. distributes

2.One means by which this is done is with a special signal called an() which can periodically cause the computer to stop executing instructions where it was and do something else instead. [单选题] *

A. pause
B. stop
C. interrupt(正确答案)
D. exit

3.Hard disk drives,floppy disk drives and () drives serve as both input and output devices. [单选题] *

A. optical magnetic
B. keyboard
C. mouse
D. optical disc(正确答案)

4.In almost all modern computers,each memory cell is set up to store binary numbers in grounds of( called a byte.Each byte is able to represent 256 different numbers;either from 0 to 255 or-128 to +127 [单选题] *

A. one bit
B. two bits
C. eight bits (正确答案)
D. eight bit

5.A general purpose computer has four main components:the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) ,) the memory,and input and output devices. [单选题] *

A. the control unit(正确答案)
B. mouse
C. display
D. disc

翻译

Inside each of these parts are trillions of small electrical circuits which can be turned off or on by means of an electronic switch.Each circuit represents a bit binary digit of information so that when the circuit is on it represents a “1”, and when off it represents a “0” (in positive logic representation).

每一个部件内部都有数万亿个小电路,它们可以通过电子开关来控制关闭或打开。每个电路代表一个信息位(二进制数字),因此当电路打开时,它代表一个“1”;当关闭时,它代表一个“0”(在正逻辑表示中)。

Adding 100 to the program counter would cause the next instruction to be read from a place 100 locations further down the program.Instructions that modify the program counter are often known as "jumps"and allow for loops(instructions that are repeated by the computer) and often conditional instruction execution (both examples of control flow).

向程序计数器中加100,将会从程序向下100个位置读取下一条指令。修改程序计数器的指令通常被称为“跳转”,允许循环(计算机重复执行的指令)和条件指令执行(两个例子都是控制流)。

The set of arithmetic operations that a particular ALU supports may be limited to adding and subtracting or might include multiplying or dividing or trigonometry functions (sine,cosine,etc.) and square roots.Some can only operate on whole numbers (integers) whilst others use floating point to represent real numbers —— albeit with limited precision.

特定算术运算单元所支持的一组算术运算,可以限于加、减,也可包括乘、除或三角函数(正弦、余弦等)和平方根。有些只能对整数(整数)进行操作,而另一些则使用浮点表示实数,尽管精度有限。

Computer main memory comes in two principal varieties:random-access memory or RAM and read-only memory or ROM.

计算机的主存储器有两种主要的类型:随机存取存储器(RAM)和只读存储器(ROM)。

While a computer may be viewed as running one gigantic program stored in its main memory,in some systems it is necessary to give the appearance of running several programs simultaneously.

虽然一台计算机可以被视为运行在其主存中的一个存储的巨大程序,但在某些系统中,同时运行多个程序的现象是必须的。

The computer can be instructed to “put the number 123 into (31) the cell numbered 1357” or to “add the number that is in cell 1357 to the number that is in cell 2468 and put the answer into cell 1595”

可以指示计算机可将数字123放入编号为1357的单元格中或将编号为1357的单元格中的数字加上编号为2468的单元格内的数字，并将答案放入编为1595的单元格中。

There are typically between two and one hundred registers depending on the type of CPU.Registers are used for the most frequently needed data items to a avoid having to access main memory every time data is needed.

根据CPU的类型，通常有200到100个寄存器。寄存器用于最常使用的数据项，以避免每次调用数据时都必须访问主存。

问答题

How many components does a general purpose computer have? What are they?

A general purpose computer has four main components: thearithmetic logic unit (ALU), thecontrol unit, the memory, and theinput and output devices(collectively termed I/O).

What is a central processing unit?

The control unit, ALU, registers, andbasic I/O and often other hardwareclosely linked with these are collectively known as a centralprocessing unit (CPU).

What is the control unit’s main task?

The control unit manages thecomputer’s various components; itreads and interprets the program instructions, transforming them intoa series of control signals whichactivate other parts of the computer.

What are the ALU operations?

The ALU is capable of performingtwo classes of operations: arithmeticand logic.

What is I/O?Can you list some input devices?

On a typical personal computer,peripherals include input devices like the keyboard and mouse, and output devices such as the display and printer. Hard disk drives, floppy disk drives and optical disc drives serve as both input and outputdevices. Computer networking isanother form of I/O.

Unit 2

选择题

1.In C Language,a () is a series of characters enclosed in double quotes. [单选题] *

A. matrix
B. string (正确答案)
C. program
D. stream

2.In C Language,() are used to create variables and are grouped at the top of program block. [单选题] *

A. declarations(正确答案)
B. dimensions
C. comments
D. description

3.A () consists of the symbols,characters,and usage rules that permit people to communicate with computer. [单选题] *

A. programming language(正确答案)
B. network
C. storage
D. function

4.A (An) () software,also called end-user program, includes database programs, word processors, spreadsheets etc. [单选题] *

A. application(正确答案)
B. system
C. compiler
D. utility

5.If no return value is required,should be used when calling the function.[单选题] *

A. a value
B. some value
C. none(正确答案)
D. no frequency

翻译

Careful programming has ensured that the boundary condition is correct too.

严谨的程序确保了边界条件是正确的。

The arguments and their types are enclosed in brackets,each pair separated by commas.

括号里包含了参数和它们的类型，用逗号分割。

The example function can be called by a line in another function which looks like this.

该示例函数可以被另一个函数的一行语句调用，该行语句看过去像这样。

The body of the function is bounded by a set of curly brackets.

函数体以一对花括号为界。

This is a variant on the printf statement,fprintf sends its output into a file.

这是一个关于printf语句变种，输出语句将它发送它到一个文件。

A for loop is used to control the number of multiplications,and variable ret val stores the value to be returned

一个for语句用来控制乘法的次数，而变量ret_val用来保存返回值。

If the final closing curly bracket is reached before any return value,then the function will return automatically,any return value will then be meaningless.

如果在任何返回值之前到达最终的花括号，那么函数将自动返回，返回值将是毫无意义的。

Otherwise the function is much the same as the previous example,except that there is no return statement.

否则该函数与前面的例子大体相同，除了没有返回语句。

问答题

What is C? What does that mean?

C is a computer programming language. That means that you can use C to create lists of instructions for a computer to follow.

What is the file stderr for?

Stderr is a special UNIX file which serves as the channel for error message.

What is the boundary of a function body?

The body of the function is bounded by a set of curly brackets.

What are the standard types for variables in C?

They are integer values, floating point values and single character values.

What is the way your computer remembers things?

The way your program remembers things is by using variables.

Unit 4

选择题

1.() means”Any HTML document a HTTP Server" [单选题] *

A. Web server
B. Web Page (正确答案)
C. Web Browser
D. Web Site

2.The term “()program” means a program written in high-level language. [单选题] *

A. compiler
B. executable
C. source (正确答案)
D. object

3.Very long complex expressions in a program are difficult to write correctly and difficult to () [单选题] *

A. defend
B. detect
C. default
D. debug(正确答案)

4.In C language,functions are important because they provide a way to () code so that a large complex program can be written by combining many smaller parts. [单选题] *

A. modify
B. modularize (正确答案)
C. block
D. board

5.The standard () in C language contain many useful functions for input and output,string handing, mathematical computations,and system programming tasks. [单选题] *

A. database
B. files
C. libraries (正确答案)
D. subroutines

翻译

1.A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product.

一个软件过程是一组引发软件产品生产的活动。

2.Because of the need for judgement and creativity, attempts to automate software processes have met with limited success.

由于需要判断和创造力，所以软件过程自动化的尝试只获得了有限的成功。

3.One reason the effectiveness of CASE tools is limited is because of the immense diversity of software processes.

计算机辅助软件工程（CASE）工具的有效性受到限制，其中一个原因是软件过程具有极大的差异性。

4.For business systems, with rapidly changing requirements,a flexible, agile process is likely to be more effective.

对于业务系统，由于需求变更频繁，所以采用一个灵活、敏捷的过程可能更有效。

5.A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process.

软件过程模型是软件过程的抽象表示法。

Increasingly,however,new software is developed by extending and modifying existing systems and by configuring and integrating off-the-shelf software or system components.

逐渐地，现在越来越多的软件开发是扩展和修改已有的系统或者配置和集成货架的软件或系统组件。

The waterfall model This takes the fundamental process activities of specification,development,validation and evolution and represents them as separate process phases such as requirements specification,software design, implementation,testing and so on.

瀑布模型，这种模型定义说明、开发、验证和进化等基本过程的行为活动，并将它们作为独立的过程，如需求说明、软件设计、实现、测试等。

Maintenance involves correcting errors which were not discovered in earlier stages of the life cycle,improving the implementation of system units and enhancing the system’s services as new requirements are discovered.

维护包括改正在生命周期的早期阶段没有被发现的错误，改进系统单元的实现，在新需求提出后增加系统的服务。

问答题

What is the software process?

A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product.

What are the fundamental activities common to all software processes?

They are Software specification, Software design and implementation, Software validation and Software evolution.

How to improve the software process?

Software processes can be improved by process standardisation where the diversity in software processes across an organisation is reduced.

Why do we need to freeze parts of the development after a small number of interations?

Because of the costs of produding and approving documents, iterations are costly and involve significant rework. Therefore, after a small number of iterations, it is nonnal to freeze parts of the development.

Why must the system evolve to remain useful?

Errors and omissions in the original software requirements are discovered. Program and design errors, emerge and the need for new functionality is identified. The system must therefore evolve to remain useful.

Unit 6

选择题

Today there are （） computers in our homes and offices than there are people who live and work in them. [单选题] *

A. less
B. more(正确答案)
C. little
D. lots of

For example,the modem is designed to send and receive digital data () an analog telephone line. [单选题] *

A. over(正确答案)
B. in
C. through
D. on

Rather than design custom hardware for each calculator,Intel proposed a general-purpose () that could be used throughout the entire line of calculators. [单选题] *

A. computer
B. board
C. machine
D. circuit(正确答案)

Before picking () the board,you should be able to answer two basic questions about it. [单选题] *

A. out
B. up(正确答案)
C. on
D. to

Data to be printed is () from either serial port,held in RAM until the printer is ready for more data,and delivered to the printer via the parallel port. [单选题] *

A. trended
B. transported
C. accepted(正确答案)
D. received

翻译

1.An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software,and perhaps additional mechanical or other parts, designed to perform a specific function

一个嵌入式系统就是一个计算机硬件和软件的集合，也行还包括其他一些机械部件，它是为完成某种特定的功能而设计的。

2.In the 1980s,embedded systems quietly rode the waves of the microcomputer age and brought microprocessors into every part of our personal and professional lives.

在整个二十世纪八十年代，嵌入式系统静悄悄地统治着微处理器时代，并把微处理器带入了我们个人和职业生活的每一个角落。

3.For example,if the real- time system is part of an airplane’s flight control system,it is possible for the lives of the passengers and crew to be endangered by a single missed deadline.

如果一个实时系统是飞机飞行控制系统的一部分，那么一个延期的计算就可能会使乘客和机组人员的生命受到威胁。

4.The hardware reads digital data from one set of electrical connections and writes an analog version of the data to an attached telephone line.

硬件从一组电源连接器上读取数字信号，然后转换程模拟信号，通过相连的电话线进行传输。

5.If you are lucky,the documentation provided with your hardware will contain a superset of the block diagram you need.

如果你很幸运，硬件所带的文档中会有你所需的一整套方框图。

Today there are more computers in our homes and offices than there are people who live and work in them.

今天，在我们的家庭和办公室，计算机台数已比生活和工作其中的人数更多。

One embedded system controls the anti-lock brakes,another monitors and controls the vehicle’s emissions,and a third displays information on the dashboard.

一个嵌人式系统会被用来控制防刹车锁死，另一个监控车辆的气体排放情况，还有一个用来在仪表板上显示信息。

Already there are promising new embedded devices that have enormous market potential:light switches and thermostats that can be controlled by a central computer,intelligent air-bag systems that don’t inflate when children or small adults are present,palm-sized electronic organizers and personal digital assistants (PDAs) ,digital cameras,and dashboard navigation systems.

已经有很多具有巨大市场潜力的新的嵌入式设备了：可以被中央计算机控制的调光器和恒温器、当小孩子或矮个子的人在的时候不会充气的智能气囊、掌上电子记事簿和个人数字助理（PDA）、数码照相机和仪表导航系统。

Unit 7

翻译

Modern IP networking represents a synthesis of several developments that began to evolve in the 1960s and 1970s,namely the Internet and local area networks,which emerged during the 1980s,together with the advent of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s.

现代IP网络的代表始于20世纪60年代和 70 年代，20世纪80年代演变出互联网和局域网，20世纪90年代初出现万维网网站。

Such encapsulation usually is aligned with the division of the protocol suite into layers of general functionality.

这样的封装通常使协议族对应每一功能层进行划分。

问答题

What is the Internet Protocol Suite?

The Internet Protocol Suite is the set of communications protocols used for the Internet and other similar networks.

What are the most important protocols of Internet Protocol Suite?

The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol ( IP).

What does the TCP/IP model consist of?

The TCP/IP model consistes of four layers. From lowest to highest, these are the Link Layer, the Internet Layer, the Transport Layer, and the Application Layer.

When did the Internet Protocol Suite result form research and development conducted by DARPA?

In the early 1970s.

How does an applicantion send its data down the layers?

An application uses a set of protocols to send its data down the layers, being further encapsulated at each level.