创建一个maven工程

在pom.xml 添加spring的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"><modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion><groupId>com.softtool</groupId><artifactId>spring001</artifactId><version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>commons-logging</groupId><artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId><version>1.2</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId><version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-context</artifactId><version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-core</artifactId><version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework</groupId><artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId><version>5.0.7.RELEASE</version></dependency></dependencies>
</project>

创建实体类

package com.softtool;public class HelloWorld {private  String name;public HelloWorld(){}public HelloWorld(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public void hello() {System.out.println(name);}
}

创建一个applicationContext.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"><bean id="helloWorld" class="com.softtool.HelloWorld"><property name="name" value="hello world"></property></bean>
</beans>

创建测试类

public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext ac= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld) ac.getBean("helloWorld");helloWorld.hello();;}
}

#运行程序

十一月 02, 2018 9:17:32 下午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@46ee7fe8: startup date [Fri Nov 02 21:17:32 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
十一月 02, 2018 9:17:32 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
hello worldProcess finished with exit code 0

运行成功了，控制台中打印出来了hello world

类图

我们看到， ApplicationContext 是一个接口，代表容器，他有两个实现类，一个是ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 一个是FileSystemXmlApplicationContext 我们使用的是ClassPathXmlApplicationContext 从类路径中加载配置文件。

读取类的方法有很多，如下

我们使用

HelloWorld helloWorld = (HelloWorld) ac.getBean("helloWorld");

getBean里的 helloWorld 就是对应applicationContext.xml里配置的helloWorld

这些getBean方法是ApplicationContext继承自BeanFactory

通过构造方法获取

创建两个类

Car

package com.softtool;public class Car {private String name;private String color;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public String getColor() {return color;}public void setColor(String color) {this.color = color;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Car{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", color='" + color + '\'' +'}';}
}

Person

package com.softtool;public class Person {private String name;private Car car;private Integer age;private Integer value;public String getRemark() {return remark;}public void setRemark(String remark) {this.remark = remark;}private String remark;public Person() {}public Integer getAge() {return age;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "Person{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", car=" + car +", age=" + age +", value=" + value +", remark='" + remark + '\'' +'}';}public void setAge(Integer age) {this.age = age;}public Integer getValue() {return value;}public void setValue(Integer value) {this.value = value;}public Person(String name, Car car) {this.name = name;this.car = car;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Car getCar() {return car;}public void setCar(Car car) {this.car = car;}}

在配置文件中配置

 <bean id="car" class="com.softtool.Car"><property name="name" value="BMW"></property><property name="color" value="Red"></property></bean><bean id="person" class="com.softtool.Person"><constructor-arg value="wang"></constructor-arg><constructor-arg  ref="car"></constructor-arg></bean>

运行

package com.softtool;import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;public class Main {public static void main(String[] args) {ApplicationContext ac= new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");Person person = (Person) ac.getBean("person");System.out.println(person.toString());}
}

运行结果

十一月 08, 2018 10:39:33 上午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@46ee7fe8: startup date [Thu Nov 08 10:39:33 CST 2018]; root of context hierarchy
十一月 08, 2018 10:39:33 上午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [applicationContext.xml]
Person{name='wang', car=Car{name='BMW', color='Red'}, age=null, value=null, remark='null'}

使用内部Bean

在配置文件中配置

 <bean id="person2" class="com.softtool.Person"><property name="name" value="zhangsan"></property><property name="age" value="20"></property><property name="car"><bean class="com.softtool.Car"><property name="name" value="Ben"></property><property name="color" value="Blue"></property></bean></property></bean>

测试及程序

        Person person2 = (Person) ac.getBean("person2");System.out.println(person2.toString());//输出//shPerson{name='zhangsan', car=Car{name='Ben', color='Blue'}, age=20, value=null, remark='null'}

集合属性

测试类

package com.softtool;import java.util.List;public class SiCong {private String name;private List<Car> cars;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public List<Car> getCars() {return cars;}public void setCars(List<Car> cars) {this.cars = cars;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "SiCong{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", cars=" + cars +'}';}
}

配置xml

   <bean  class="com.softtool.SiCong"><property name="name" value="王思聪"/><property name="cars"><list><ref bean="car"></ref><bean class="com.softtool.Car"><property name="name" value="福特"></property><property name="color" value="Blue"></property></bean></list></property></bean>

测试及程序

        SiCong siCong = (SiCong) ac.getBean(SiCong.class);System.out.println(siCong.toString());
//SiCong{name='王思聪', cars=[Car{name='BMW', color='Red'}, Car{name='福特', color='Blue'}]}

MAP

测试类

package com.softtool;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;public class MapPerson {private String name;private Map<String,Car> map;public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public Map<String, Car> getMap() {return map;}public void setMap(Map<String, Car> map) {this.map = map;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "MapPerson{" +"name='" + name + '\'' +", map=" + map +'}';}
}

配置xml

 <bean  class="com.softtool.MapPerson"><property name="name" value=""/><property name="map"><map><entry key="周润发" value-ref="car"/><entry  key="刘德华"><bean   class="com.softtool.Car"><property name="name" value="福特"></property><property name="color" value="Blue"></property></bean></entry></map></property></bean>

运行

        MapPerson mapPerson = (MapPerson) ac.getBean(MapPerson.class);System.out.println(mapPerson.toString());//MapPerson{name='', map={周润发=Car{name='BMW', color='Red'}, 刘德华=Car{name='福特', color='Blue'}}}

Properties

package com.softtool;import java.util.Properties;public class ConfigProperties {private Properties properties;public Properties getProperties() {return properties;}public void setProperties(Properties properties) {this.properties = properties;}@Overridepublic String toString() {return "ConfigProperties{" +"properties=" + properties +'}';}
}

配置

<bean class="com.softtool.ConfigProperties"><property name="properties"><props><prop key="user">root</prop><prop key="password">21345</prop></props></property></bean>

测试

        ConfigProperties properties = ac.getBean(ConfigProperties.class);System.out.println(properties.toString());
//ConfigProperties{properties={user=root, password=21345}}

##使用P标签 配置

需要引入p命名空间xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"

    <bean id="pCar" class="com.softtool.Car" p:name="宝马" p:color="银色"></bean>

测试

        Object pCar = ac.getBean("pCar");System.out.println(pCar.toString());//Car{name='宝马', color='银色'}

自动装配

配置

    <bean id="car" class="com.softtool.Car"><property name="name" value="BMW"></property><property name="color" value="Red"></property></bean><bean id="autoPerson" class="com.softtool.Person" autowire="byName"><property name="name" value="自动装配"></property></bean>

测试

        Person person3 = (Person) ac.getBean("autoPerson");System.out.println(person3.toString());
//Person{name='自动装配', car=Car{name='BMW', color='Red'}, age=null, value=null, remark='null'}