没有空格的GUI显得"拥挤"。 如何提供空白而不诉诸显式设置组件的位置或大小？ -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- --------

例如CardLayout(int，int)，FlowLayout(int，int，int)和GridLayout(int，int，int，int)，另一个示例GridLayout(int，int，int，int)和GridBagLayout()使用GridBagConstraints.insets

使用支持语义术语上的空白的LayoutManager。 您会看到它的到来，：:) MigLayout可以帮助您：定义一个网格以及它们之间的间隙，例如相关的，不相关的段落-仅添加组件

使用各种LayoutManagers可以在各种组件之间提供间隔。

1.)BorderLayout：

重载的构造方法：BorderLayout(int horizo??ntalGap，int verticalGap)

获取和设置方法

对于水平间距：BorderLayout.getHgap()和BorderLayout.setHgap(int hgap)

对于垂直间距：BorderLayout.getVgap()和BorderLayout.setVgap()

2.)FlowLayout：

重载的构造方法：FlowLayout(int align，int hgap，int vgap)

获取和设置方法

对于水平间距：FlowLayout.getHgap()和FlowLayout.setHgap(int hgap)

对于垂直间距：FlowLayout.getVgap()和FlowLayout.setVgap()

3.)GridLayout：

重载的构造方法：GridLayout(int行，int列，int hgap，int vgap)

获取和设置方法

对于水平间距：GridLayout.getHgap()和GridLayout.setHgap(int hgap)

对于垂直间距：GridLayout.getVgap()和GridLayout.setVgap()

4.)GridBagLayout：

GridBagConstraints.insets

5.)CardLayout(示例)：

CardLayout(int hGap，int vGap)

显示操作中所有构造函数的示例：

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

public class LayoutExample {

private final int hGap = 5;

private final int vGap = 5;

private String[] borderConstraints = {

BorderLayout.PAGE_START,

BorderLayout.LINE_START,

BorderLayout.CENTER,

BorderLayout.LINE_END,

BorderLayout.PAGE_END

};

private JButton[] buttons;

private GridBagConstraints gbc;

private JPanel borderPanel;

private JPanel flowPanel;

private JPanel gridPanel;

private JPanel gridBagPanel;

private JPanel cardPanel;

public LayoutExample() {

buttons = new JButton[16];

gbc = new GridBagConstraints();

gbc.anchor = GridBagConstraints.FIRST_LINE_START;

gbc.insets = new Insets(hGap, vGap, hGap, vGap);

}

private void displayGUI() {

JFrame frame = new JFrame("Layout Example");

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

JPanel contentPane = new JPanel(

new GridLayout(0, 1, hGap, vGap));

contentPane.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(hGap, vGap, hGap, vGap));

borderPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout(hGap, vGap));

borderPanel.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("BorderLayout"));

borderPanel.setOpaque(true);

borderPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

buttons[i] = new JButton(borderConstraints[i]);

borderPanel.add(buttons[i], borderConstraints[i]);

}

contentPane.add(borderPanel);

flowPanel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(

FlowLayout.CENTER, hGap, vGap));

flowPanel.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("FlowLayout"));

flowPanel.setOpaque(true);

flowPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

for (int i = 5; i < 8; i++) {

buttons[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i));

flowPanel.add(buttons[i]);

}

contentPane.add(flowPanel);

gridPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2, hGap, vGap));

gridPanel.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("GridLayout"));

gridPanel.setOpaque(true);

gridPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

for (int i = 8; i < 12; i++) {

buttons[i] = new JButton(Integer.toString(i));

gridPanel.add(buttons[i]);

}

contentPane.add(gridPanel);

gridBagPanel = new JPanel(new GridBagLayout());

gridBagPanel.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("GridBagLayout"));

gridBagPanel.setOpaque(true);

gridBagPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

buttons[12] = new JButton(Integer.toString(12));

addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[12], 0, 0, 1, 1

, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 0.5);

buttons[13] = new JButton(Integer.toString(13));

addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[13], 1, 0, 1, 1

, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 0.5);

buttons[14] = new JButton(Integer.toString(14));

addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[14], 0, 1, 2, 1

, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.66, 0.5);

buttons[15] = new JButton(Integer.toString(15));

addComp(gridBagPanel, buttons[15], 2, 0, 1, 2

, GridBagConstraints.BOTH, 0.33, 1.0);

contentPane.add(gridBagPanel);

cardPanel = new JPanel(new CardLayout(hGap, vGap));

cardPanel.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("CardLayout"));

cardPanel.setOpaque(true);

cardPanel.setBackground(Color.WHITE);

cardPanel.add(getPanel(Color.BLUE));

cardPanel.add(getPanel(Color.GREEN));

contentPane.add(cardPanel);

frame.setContentPane(contentPane);

frame.pack();

frame.setLocationByPlatform(true);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

private JPanel getPanel(Color bColor) {

JPanel panel = new JPanel(new FlowLayout(

FlowLayout.CENTER, hGap, vGap));

panel.setOpaque(true);

panel.setBackground(bColor.darker().darker());

JButton swapperButton = new JButton("Next");

swapperButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

@Override

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent ae) {

CardLayout cardLayout = (CardLayout) cardPanel.getLayout();

cardLayout.next(cardPanel);

}

});

panel.add(swapperButton);

return panel;

}

private void addComp(JPanel panel, JComponent comp

, int x, int y, int gWidth

, int gHeight, int fill

, double weightx, double weighty) {

gbc.gridx = x;

gbc.gridy = y;

gbc.gridwidth = gWidth;

gbc.gridheight = gHeight;

gbc.fill = fill;

gbc.weightx = weightx;

gbc.weighty = weighty;

panel.add(comp, gbc);

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Runnable runnable = new Runnable(){

@Override

public void run() {

new LayoutExample().displayGUI();

}

};

EventQueue.invokeLater(runnable);

}

}

输出：

我+1了一些GridBagConstraints插图。 我们经常使用GBL，因此我编写了一些帮助程序类来帮助我完成肮脏的工作，因此GBL代码非常简洁易读。 就像这里的示例一样，我使用默认的Insets，这样我就不必每次都键入它，因此外观看起来更加"轻松"。

Swing GUI中有多种方法可以在组件之间以及组件周围的空白之间提供分隔：

JToolBar具有方法addSeparator()和addSeparator(Dimension)。

JMenu使用更适合菜单的间距组件，可通过addSeparator()获得。

但更一般地说，请注意：

可以在布局构造函数中定义的间距。

边界。

这是一个使用布局分隔符hGap和vGap值和边框(特别是EmptyBorder)提供"白色"(实际上显示为红色以使其非常明显)空间的示例。调整微调器以查看结果。

import java.awt.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

import javax.swing.event.*;

public class WhiteSpace {

private JPanel gui = null;

private BorderLayout mainLayout =

new BorderLayout(0, 0);

private final FlowLayout buttonLayout =

new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.CENTER, 0, 0);

private final JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(buttonLayout);

private final SpinnerNumberModel hModel =

new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);

private final SpinnerNumberModel vModel =

new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);

private final SpinnerNumberModel hBorderModel =

new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);

private final SpinnerNumberModel vBorderModel =

new SpinnerNumberModel(0, 0, 15, 1);

private ChangeListener changeListener;

public Container getGui() {

if (gui == null) {

gui = new JPanel(mainLayout);

gui.setBackground(Color.RED);

JTree tree = new JTree();

tree.setVisibleRowCount(10);

for (int ii = tree.getRowCount(); ii > -1; ii--) {

tree.expandRow(ii);

}

gui.add(new JScrollPane(

tree,

JScrollPane.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS,

JScrollPane.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER),

BorderLayout.LINE_START);

gui.add(new JScrollPane(new JTextArea(10, 30)));

gui.add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.PAGE_START);

changeListener = (ChangeEvent e) -> {

int hGap = hModel.getNumber().intValue();

int vGap = vModel.getNumber().intValue();

int hBorder = hBorderModel.getNumber().intValue();

int vBorder = vBorderModel.getNumber().intValue();

adjustWhiteSpace(hGap, vGap, hBorder, vBorder);

};

addModel("H Gap", hModel);

addModel("V Gap", vModel);

addModel("H Border", hBorderModel);

addModel("V Border", vBorderModel);

}

return gui;

}

private void addModel(String label, SpinnerNumberModel model) {

buttonPanel.add(new JLabel(label));

final JSpinner spinner = new JSpinner(model);

spinner.addChangeListener(changeListener);

buttonPanel.add(spinner);

}

private void adjustWhiteSpace(

int hGap, int vGap, int hBorder, int vBorder) {

mainLayout.setHgap(hGap);

mainLayout.setVgap(vGap);

buttonLayout.setHgap(hGap);

gui.setBorder(new EmptyBorder

(vBorder, hBorder, vBorder, hBorder));

Container c = gui.getTopLevelAncestor();

if (c instanceof Window) {

Window w = (Window) c;

w.pack();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

Runnable r = () -> {

WhiteSpace ws = new WhiteSpace();

Container gui1 = ws.getGui();

JFrame f = new JFrame("White (OK Red) Space");

f.add(gui1);

f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);

f.setLocationByPlatform(true);

f.setResizable(false);

f.pack();

f.setVisible(true);

};

SwingUtilities.invokeLater(r);

}

}

使用BoxLayout时，Box.createVerticalGlue()方法可以帮助您留出一些空白。

另一种方法是BorderFactory.createEmptyBorder(int top, int left, int bottom, int right)。它可以帮助您在组件周围留一些空白。

感谢安德鲁·汤普森(Andrew Thompson)的提醒。最近几天，我对BoxLayout进行了修改，我发现Box.createVerticalGlue()可以根据面板的大小添加一些空白，并且您不能设置空白长度的显式像素值。但是可以做到。这是一个MCTaRE，显示了这两种方法的效果。

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

import javax.swing.*;

import javax.swing.border.*;

import javax.swing.event.*;

public class WhiteSpace extends JFrame{

static WhiteSpace whiteSpace;

DemoPanel demoPanel;

boolean withGlue;

JSpinner spinner;

public WhiteSpace(){

initialWindow();

demoPanel = new DemoPanel();

ActionPanel actionPanel = new ActionPanel();

setLayout(new BorderLayout());

getContentPane().add(actionPanel,BorderLayout.NORTH);

getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);

setVisible(true);

}

public void initialWindow(){

setSize(220, 300);

setTitle("White Space");

setResizable(false);

setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

setLocationRelativeTo(null);

//Show the window in the middle of the screen

}

/**

* @param args

*/

public static void main(String[] args) {

Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

whiteSpace = new WhiteSpace();

}

};

SwingUtilities.invokeLater(runnable);

}

class DemoPanel extends JPanel{

//Show the vertical white space between label1 and label2

JLabel label1;

JLabel label2;

public void initialDemoPanel(){

setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(getBorder(),"DemoPanel", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, new Font("Default",Font.PLAIN,10), Color.gray));

setLayout(new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

label1 = new JLabel("This is first line");

label2 = new JLabel("This is second line");

}

public DemoPanel(){

initialDemoPanel();

add(label1);

if(withGlue){

add(Box.createVerticalGlue());

}

add(label2);

}

public DemoPanel(int strutValue){

initialDemoPanel();

add(label1);

add(Box.createVerticalStrut(strutValue));

add(label2);

}

}

class ActionPanel extends JPanel{

public ActionPanel(){

setBorder(BorderFactory.createTitledBorder(getBorder(),"ActionPanel", TitledBorder.LEADING, TitledBorder.TOP, new Font("Default",Font.PLAIN,10), Color.gray));

setLayout(new BoxLayout(this,BoxLayout.X_AXIS));

JRadioButton glueButton = new JRadioButton("With Glue");

glueButton.addActionListener(new glueButtonListener());

add(glueButton);

add(Box.createHorizontalStrut(10));

//To create horizontal white space

JLabel strutLabel = new JLabel("Strut Value");

add(strutLabel);

spinner = new JSpinner(new SpinnerNumberModel(0,0,50,1));

spinner.addChangeListener(new spinnerListener());

add(spinner);

//public SpinnerNumberModel(Number value,Comparable minimum,Comparable maximum,Number stepSize)

}

}

class glueButtonListener implements ActionListener{

@Override

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

spinner.setValue(new Integer(0));

withGlue = (withGlue == true ? false:true);

whiteSpace.getContentPane().remove(demoPanel);

demoPanel = new DemoPanel();

whiteSpace.getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);

whiteSpace.getContentPane().validate();

}

}

class spinnerListener implements ChangeListener{

@Override

public void stateChanged(ChangeEvent e) {

int strutValue = (Integer) spinner.getValue();

whiteSpace.getContentPane().remove(demoPanel);

demoPanel = new DemoPanel(strutValue);

whiteSpace.getContentPane().add(demoPanel,BorderLayout.CENTER);

whiteSpace.getContentPane().validate();

}

}

}

Box.createHorizontalGlue()和Box.createHorizontalStrut(int height)也可以使用。此外，Box.createRigidArea(Dimension d)也具有创建空白的能力。

MigLayout具有多种创建空间的方式。 (在此布局中，空格称为间隙。)

可以在具有布局约束的最高级别上创建间隙，可以

在行和列之间创建间隙，也可以在各个之间设置间隙

具有组件约束的组件。边界周围也有特定的空白

一个名为insets的容器，它具有要设置的特定关键字。

以下示例创建了所有这些类型的差距：

package com.zetcode;

import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.BorderFactory;

import javax.swing.JButton;

import javax.swing.JFrame;

import javax.swing.JLabel;

import javax.swing.JPanel;

import javax.swing.JTextField;

import net.miginfocom.swing.MigLayout;

public class MigLayoutGaps2 extends JFrame {

public MigLayoutGaps2() {

initUI();

setTitle("Gaps");

setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

setLocationRelativeTo(null);

}

private void initUI() {

JPanel base = new JPanel(new MigLayout("flowy, ins 30, gap 15"));

setContentPane(base);

JPanel pnl1 = new JPanel();

pnl1.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Grid gaps")

);

pnl1.setLayout(new MigLayout("gap 5 5, ins 10, wrap 3"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("1"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("2"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("3"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("4"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("5"));

pnl1.add(new JButton("6"));

JPanel pnl2 = new JPanel();

pnl2.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Column gaps")

);

pnl2.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap 3","[]10[]"));

JLabel lbl1 = new JLabel();

lbl1.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

JLabel lbl2 = new JLabel();

lbl2.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

JLabel lbl3 = new JLabel();

lbl3.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

pnl2.add(lbl1,"w 40, h 110");

pnl2.add(lbl2,"w 40, h 110");

pnl2.add(lbl3,"w 40, h 110");

JPanel pnl3 = new JPanel();

pnl3.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Row gaps")

);

pnl3.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap","","[]15[]"));

JLabel lbl4 = new JLabel();

lbl4.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

JLabel lbl5 = new JLabel();

lbl5.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

JLabel lbl6 = new JLabel();

lbl6.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createEtchedBorder()

);

pnl3.add(lbl4,"w 150, h 20");

pnl3.add(lbl5,"w 150, h 20");

pnl3.add(lbl6,"w 150, h 20");

JPanel pnl4 = new JPanel();

pnl4.setBorder(

BorderFactory.createTitledBorder("Component gaps")

);

pnl4.setLayout(new MigLayout());

pnl4.add(new JLabel("Name:"),"gapright 5");

pnl4.add(new JTextField(10),"gapbottom 20, gaptop 20");

base.add(pnl1);

base.add(pnl2);

base.add(pnl3);

base.add(pnl4);

pack();

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {

@Override

public void run() {

MigLayoutGaps2 ex = new MigLayoutGaps2();

ex.setVisible(true);

}

});

}

}

布局中有四个面板。每个面板都有一个MigLayout管理器。

JPanel base = new JPanel(new MigLayout("flowy, ins 30, gap 15"));

这条线会产生容器插图和面板之间的垂直间隙。

pnl1.setLayout(new MigLayout("gap 5 5, ins 10, wrap 3"));

在这里，我们为整个网格结构应用间隙，并设置容器间隙。

pnl2.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap 3","[]10[]"));

这条线在列之间产生间隙。

pnl3.setLayout(new MigLayout("wrap","","[]15[]"));

行间隙是用此代码定义的。

pnl4.add(new JLabel("Name:"),"gapright 5");

pnl4.add(new JTextField(10),"gapbottom 20, gaptop 20");

最后，有可能在各个组件之间产生间隙。

JGoodies FormLayout。

作者Karsten Lentzsch收集了有关UI设计的演示文稿。特别是，此PDF谈到了美学空白的需求。增加有意义的空间，同时还要注意杂乱，使小麦与谷壳分离。

每当遇到此问题时，我都只使用JPanels。例如在GridLayout中：

JFrame frame = new JFrame;

frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2, 0));

//We want the bottom left to be blank

frame.add(new JLabel("Top Left"));

frame.add(new JLabel("Top Right"));

//This is the position we want empty

frame.add(new JPanel());

//Now we can continue with the rest of the script

希望这有帮助:)