问题

基本上都一样，如下所示

Traceback (most recent call last):File "/home/hadoop/PycharmProjects/wjw/ftdd/ftdd/fdfds2011.py", line 9, in <module>import matplotlib.pyplot as pltFile "/home/hadoop/snap/pycharm-community/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 2374, in <module>switch_backend(rcParams["backend"])File "/home/hadoop/snap/pycharm-community/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/pyplot.py", line 207, in switch_backendbackend_mod = importlib.import_module(backend_name)File "/usr/lib/python3.5/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_modulereturn _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)File "/home/hadoop/snap/pycharm-community/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/backend_tkagg.py", line 1, in <module>from . import _backend_tkFile "/home/hadoop/snap/pycharm-community/venv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/matplotlib/backends/_backend_tk.py", line 5, in <module>import tkinter as TkFile "/usr/lib/python3.5/tkinter/__init__.py", line 38, in <module>raise ImportError(str(msg) + ', please install the python3-tk package')
ImportError: No module named '_tkinter', please install the python3-tk package

提示要安装python3-tk，接下来就是各种惊喜了…

第一次尝试——失败

开始以为是python自带的库，需要用pip安装。结果搜了一下，竟然没有！

于是网上看了下，大部分都是如下说

tkinter是一个python的接口类库，用以调用tcl/tk程序，故一般在操作系统层面会有相应的类库安装，而非仅仅依靠pip3来安装相应的python类库，比如, python3-tk。

第二次解决——失败

那就直接在系统里安装 python3-tk

sudo apt-get install python3-tk

没有成功，提示如下：

The following packages have unmet dependencies:gnupg : Breaks: software-properties-common (<= 0.96.24.3) but 0.96.20.7 is to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

网上查了下，说是软件包的依赖问题，要重新安装一下依赖包，输入如下代码：

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common=0.96.24.3

结果没有这个版本的包

E: Version '0.96.24.3' for 'software-properties-common' was not found

网上找了一下，发现有software-properties-common (0.96.24.32.1) ，于是重试了一下：

sudo apt-get install software-properties-common=0.96.24.32.1

结果又出现了新的包依赖问题

The following packages have unmet dependencies:software-properties-common : Depends: python3-software-properties (= 0.96.24.32.1) but 0.96.20.7 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

网上的建议主要有两种：

第一种建议是用aptitude工具
第二种建议是更换软件源

我都试了一下。

第三次尝试——失败

先用大家说的aptitude工具试一试：

sudo apt install aptitude
sudo aptitude install python3-tk

结果是这样：

The following NEW packages will be installed:blt{a} python3-tk python3.6{a} python3.6-minimal{a} tk8.6-blt2.5{a}
The following packages will be upgraded:libpython3-stdlib python3 python3-minimal
3 packages upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1645 not upgraded.
Need to get 677 kB/2,526 kB of archives. After unpacking 12.5 MB will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:onboard : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-systemd : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-reportlab-accel : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-gi-cairo : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-brlapi : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-pil : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedrhythmbox-plugins : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-uno : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-cups : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-renderpm : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-pycurl : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-cryptography : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedhplip : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-cffi-backend : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-markupsafe : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedtotem-plugins : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-dbus : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-cairo : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-gi : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-lxml : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-gdbm : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedpython3-apt : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installedrhythmbox : Depends: python3 (< 3.6) but 3.6.5-3ubuntu1 is to be installed
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:Keep the following packages at their current version:
1)     libpython3-stdlib [3.5.1-3 (now)]
2)     python3 [3.5.1-3 (now)]
3)     python3-minimal [3.5.1-3 (now)]
4)     python3-tk [Not Installed]

问我接不接受，我当然不接受，准备采用第二种方案，结果

Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] n
open: 6453; closed: 16494; defer: 28; conflict: 39                                                                                                                                                       oNo solution found within the allotted time.  Try harder? [Y/n] Y
Resolving dependencies...
open: 13428; closed: 34395; defer: 31; conflict: 43                                                                                                                                                      ONo solution found within the allotted time.  Try harder? [Y/n] Y
Resolving dependencies...
open: 20374; closed: 52401; defer: 32; conflict: 44                                                                                                                                                      .No solution found within the allotted time.  Try harder? [Y/n] n

没有第二种方案？？？
还出现了这么多新的包依赖问题，在网上查了一下“The following packages have unmet dependencies”这个问题，看到推荐的方法是用“sudo apt-get -f install”来修复，再试一下，结果如下

hadoop@ubun:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
[sudo] password for hadoop:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:linux-headers-4.15.0-29 linux-headers-4.15.0-29-generic linux-image-4.15.0-29-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-29-generic
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1633 not upgraded.

再运行一下程序，还是bug，不能解决问题。

第四次尝试——换源成功

参考教程，换了阿里的源，用 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list 覆盖了原文件后，执行

$ sudo apt-get update

过程中没出现什么错误，接着执行

$ sudo apt-get install python3-tk

出现如下提示

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:libpython3.6-minimal linux-headers-4.15.0-29 linux-headers-4.15.0-29-generic linux-image-4.15.0-29-generic linux-modules-4.15.0-29-generic vim-runtime
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:blt tk8.6-blt2.5
Suggested packages:blt-demo tix python3-tk-dbg
The following packages will be REMOVED:libpython3.6 libpython3.6-stdlib vim
The following NEW packages will be installed:blt python3-tk tk8.6-blt2.5
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 3 to remove and 52 not upgraded.
Need to get 604 kB of archives.
After this operation, 13.5 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

确认执行后，没有出现什么问题，将后面的内容一并贴出来

Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:2 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 blt amd64 2.5.3+dfsg-3 [4,852 B]
Get:1 http://172.21.0.162/files/2063000000025039/us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 tk8.6-blt2.5 amd64 2.5.3+dfsg-3 [574 kB]
Get:3 http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python3-tk amd64 3.5.1-1 [25.1 kB]
Fetched 604 kB in 0s (2,033 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 266539 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing vim (2:8.0.1453-1ubuntu1) ...
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/vi (vi) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/view (view) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.tiny to provide /usr/bin/rview (rview) in auto mode
Removing libpython3.6:amd64 (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Removing libpython3.6-stdlib:amd64 (3.6.6-1~18.04) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda-9.2/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7 is not a symbolic linkSelecting previously unselected package tk8.6-blt2.5.
(Reading database ... 266175 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../tk8.6-blt2.5_2.5.3+dfsg-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking tk8.6-blt2.5 (2.5.3+dfsg-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package blt.
Preparing to unpack .../blt_2.5.3+dfsg-3_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking blt (2.5.3+dfsg-3) ...
Selecting previously unselected package python3-tk.
Preparing to unpack .../python3-tk_3.5.1-1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking python3-tk (3.5.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda-9.2/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7 is not a symbolic linkSetting up tk8.6-blt2.5 (2.5.3+dfsg-3) ...
Setting up blt (2.5.3+dfsg-3) ...
Setting up python3-tk (3.5.1-1) ...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) ...
/sbin/ldconfig.real: /usr/local/cuda-9.2/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.7 is not a symbolic linkhadoop@ubun:/etc/apt/sources.list.d$

最后，运行一下python代码，终于OK了！

（开心一秒，谁知道下个bug是什么呢…）

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文章目录

问题

第一次尝试——失败

第二次解决——失败

第三次尝试——失败

第四次尝试——换源成功

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