Unity学习——射箭游戏

射箭游戏

游戏视频<https://www.bilibili.com/video/av71160101/>
游戏工程文件https://github.com/JennySRH/3DGame/tree/master/ShootTarget
上下左右控制箭移动，空格键发射

靶对象

靶对象共有5环，由5个圆柱体组成，射中最中心的环得分5，射中最外层环得分为1。每个圆柱体都添加了mesh collider，勾选Convex，并且勾选了is Trigger作为触发器。

对于靶对象而言，它需要完成两种行为：

作为触发器，感知是否有箭射中其中的某一环。
作为model，包含每一环的分数。

Target上将挂载两个脚本，一个是TargetData，挂载到每一个环上，用来得到该环的分数；另一个是TargetTrigger，用来检测哪一个环被触发。

/* TargetData.cs */
public class TargetData : MonoBehaviour
{// 挂载到Target上的每一环，用来返回该环对应的分数。public int GetScore(){string name = this.gameObject.name;int score = 6 - (name[0] - '0');return score;}
}

/*TargetTrigger.cs*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class TargetTrigger : MonoBehaviour
{// 当有箭射中某一环后触发void OnTriggerEnter(Collider arrow_head){//得到箭身Transform arrow = arrow_head.gameObject.transform.parent;if (arrow == null){return;}if (arrow.tag == "Arrow"){arrow_head.gameObject.SetActive(false);//箭身速度为0arrow.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = new Vector3(0, 0, 0);arrow.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().isKinematic = true;arrow.tag = "Hit";// 分数控制器int score = this.gameObject.gameObject.GetComponent<TargetData>().GetScore();Singleton<ScoreController>.Instance.AddScore(score);//Debug.Log(score);}}}

然后将所有的圆柱体放到一个空物体上，做成预制。

箭

每一个箭由head和body组成，head装有collider。

箭挂载了JoyStick可以通过上下左右来控制方向，如果按下空格键将添加刚体Rigidbody，然后交由相应的动作控制器进行控制。

/*JoyStick.cs*/using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class JoyStick : MonoBehaviour
{public float speedX = 1.0F;public float speedY = 1.0F;bool flag = true;// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){// 只有在射出前能移动if(flag){float translationY = Input.GetAxis("Vertical") * speedY;float translationX = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal") * speedX;translationY *= Time.deltaTime;translationX *= Time.deltaTime;// 限制移动的范围if (transform.position.x - translationX < 1.5 && transform.position.x - translationX > -1.5&& transform.position.y + translationY > -0.8 && transform.position.y + translationY < 0.8){transform.position = transform.position + new Vector3(-translationX, translationY, 0);}if (Input.GetButton("Jump")){// 如果空格下，则给箭增加刚体，使其能够进行物理学的运动this.gameObject.AddComponent<Rigidbody>();this.gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().useGravity = false;flag = false;}}}
}

风

风是由一系列透明的触发器组成的。

触发器们挂载了WindTrigger用来检测是否有箭头触发，然后交由相应的动作控制器控制。

/*WindTrigger*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class WindTrigger : MonoBehaviour
{void OnTriggerEnter(Collider arrow_head){//得到箭身Transform arrow = arrow_head.gameObject.transform.parent;if (arrow == null){return;}if (arrow.tag == "Arrow"){arrow.GetComponent<CCAction>().Move();}}
}

风力大小和风向由WindController生成，挂载到全局的空物体上，使用单例模式获得。

/*WindController.sc*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class WindController : MonoBehaviour
{private float time = 5;private float strength = 0.5f;private Vector3 direction = new Vector3(0.01f,0,0);// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if(time > 0){time -= Time.deltaTime;}else{time = 5;strength = UnityEngine.Random.Range(0.5f, 0.7f);direction = new Vector3(UnityEngine.Random.Range(-0.02f, 0.02f), UnityEngine.Random.Range(-0.02f, 0.02f), 0);}}public float GetStrength(){return strength;}public Vector3 GetDirection(){return direction;}
}

场景控制器——FirstSceneController

由于本次作业依旧沿用了之前的MVC框架，所以只展示重要部分代码。

FirstSceneController挂载到空物体上，用来加载第一个场景（一共也只有一个场景）。

/*FirstSceneController.cs*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class FirstSceneController : MonoBehaviour, ISceneController
{// 靶对象public GameObject target;// 箭队列public Queue<GameObject> arrowQueue = new Queue<GameObject>();// 当前正在操控的箭public GameObject arrow;// 风public GameObject wind;public void LoadSource(){// 清除记分Singleton<ScoreController>.Instance.ClearScore();// 靶对象初始化if (target != null){Destroy(target);}target = GameObject.Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/Target"));if(arrow != null){Singleton<ArrowFactory>.Instance.FreeArrow(arrow);}// 箭队列初始化while (arrowQueue.Count > 0){Singleton<ArrowFactory>.Instance.FreeArrow(arrowQueue.Dequeue());}arrowQueue.Clear();// 初始化一个箭对象arrow = Singleton<ArrowFactory>.Instance.GetArrow();arrowQueue.Enqueue(arrow);}// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){this.gameObject.AddComponent<ArrowFactory>();this.gameObject.AddComponent<ScoreController>();this.gameObject.AddComponent<IGUI>();this.gameObject.AddComponent<WindController>();wind = GameObject.Instantiate<GameObject>(Resources.Load<GameObject>("Prefabs/Wind"));// 设置第一个场景控制器为当前场景控制器Director.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController = this;Director.GetInstance().CurrentSceneController.LoadSource();}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if(arrow.tag == "WaveEnd"){arrow = Singleton<ArrowFactory>.Instance.GetArrow();arrowQueue.Enqueue(arrow);}}
}

运动学控制器——CCAction (颤抖效果)

CCAction挂载到每个Arrow上，用来负责Arrow射中靶对象后的抖动效果以及遇到风之后产生的偏移效果。

/*CCAction.cs*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class CCAction : MonoBehaviour, IAction
{private float time = 1;float radian = 0;float radius = 0.01f; Vector3 initPosition;public void Move(){Move(Singleton<WindController>.Instance.GetDirection(), Singleton<WindController>.Instance.GetStrength());}public void Move(Vector3 direction, float strength){this.transform.position += direction * strength;}// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){if(time > 0){if (this.gameObject.tag == "Hit"){time -= Time.deltaTime;// 弧度每次增加radian += 0.05f;// 颤抖float dy = Mathf.Cos(radian) * radius;transform.position = initPosition + new Vector3(0, dy, 0);}else{initPosition = transform.position;}}if(time <= 0){this.gameObject.tag = "WaveEnd";transform.position = initPosition;}}
}

动力学控制器——PhysicalAction

PhysicalAction也挂载到Arrow对象上，用来控制Arrow发射的运动效果。

/*PhysicalAction.cs*/
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PhysicalAction : MonoBehaviour, IAction
{float force = 3;public void Move(){}public void Move(float force){this.force = force;}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){// 如果没有射中靶对象if(this.gameObject.transform.position.z < -1){this.gameObject.tag = "WaveEnd";}}void FixedUpdate(){// 如果射中了靶对象if (this.gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>() != null){this.gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().AddForce(new Vector3(0, 0, -1) * force);}}}

记分器——ScoreController

ScoreController也是使用单例模式，作为全局唯一来记录分数。

![demo](../ShootTarget/demo.gifusing System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class ScoreController : MonoBehaviour
{private int score;public void ClearScore(){score = 0;}public void AddScore(int score){this.score += score;}public int GetScore(){return this.score;}}

效果展示

改进打飞碟游戏

增加一个运动的接口类ActionManager，物理运动PhysicalAction和运动学变换CCAction都将实现该接口。

public interface IActionManager
{void Move(Vector3 direction, float speed);
}

CCAction

public class CCAction : MonoBehaviour, IActionManager
{public Vector3 direction;public float speed;public void Move(Vector3 direction,float speed){this.direction = direction;this.speed = speed;}// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){}// Update is called once per framevoid Update(){this.gameObject.transform.position += speed * direction * Time.deltaTime;}
}

对于PhysicalManager而言，Move函数是与其功能不匹配的，但是我们又不想丢弃这个CCAction和ActionManager，所以我们可以通过adapter模式，进行适配。

PhysicalManager

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;public class PhysicalManager : MonoBehaviour, IActionManager
{public float speed;public void Move(float speed){this.speed = speed;}public void Move(Vector3 direction, float speed){Move(speed);}void FixedUpdate(){Rigidbody rigid = this.gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>();if(rigid){//Debug.Log(speed);rigid.AddForce(Vector3.down * speed);} }// Start is called before the first frame updatevoid Start(){this.gameObject.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().useGravity = false;}}