>>> names = ['ZhangSan','LiSi','WangWu','ZhaoLiu','SunQi','ZhouBa','WuJiu']
>>> names[4:1]        #切片是按照从左往右取的，不能倒着取
[]
>>> names[1:4]     #取下标1至下标4之间的数字，包括1，不包括4
['LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu']
>>> names[1:-1]     #取下标1至-1的值，不包括-1
['LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa']
>>> names[0:3]
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu']
>>> names[:3]     #如果是从头开始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一样
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu']
>>> names[3:]     #如果想取最后一个，必须不能写-1，只能这么写
['ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu']
>>> names[3:-1]     #这样-1就不会被包含了
['ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa']
>>> names[0::2]     #后面的2是代表，每隔一个元素，就取一个
['ZhangSan', 'WangWu', 'SunQi', 'WuJiu']
>>> names[::2]     #和上句效果一样
['ZhangSan', 'WangWu', 'SunQi', 'WuJiu']>>> names = [['ZhangSan','LiSi'],['WangWu','ZhaoLiu'],['SunQi','ZhouBa','WuJiu']]
>>> names[1]
['WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu']
>>> names[1][1]     #嵌套索引
'ZhaoLiu'
>>> names[2][0]
'SunQi'
>>> names[2][2]
'WuJiu'

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu']
>>> names.append('按照顺序排到最后位置')
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names.insert(2,'插队到第2个位置')
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '插队到第2个位置', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '插队到第2个位置', 'WangWu', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names[3] = '第三个位置换人了'
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '插队到第2个位置', '第三个位置换人了', 'ZhaoLiu', 'SunQi', 'ZhouBa', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names[5:7] = ['第五个位置换人了','第六个位置换人了']
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '插队到第2个位置', '第三个位置换人了', 'ZhaoLiu', '第五个位置换人了', '第六个位置换人了', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names[2:4] = ['第二个和第三个位置的人离开了，新来的人插队到第二个位置']
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '第二个和第三个位置的人离开了，新来的人插队到第二个位置', 'ZhaoLiu', '第五个位置换人了', '第六个位置换人了', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', '第二个和第三个位置的人离开了，新来的人插队到第二个位置', 'ZhaoLiu', '第五个位置换人了', '第六个位置换人了', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> del names[2]
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'ZhaoLiu', '第五个位置换人了', '第六个位置换人了', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> del names[3:5]     #删除第三个和第四个元素
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'ZhaoLiu', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names.remove('ZhaoLiu')     #删除指定元素
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WuJiu', '按照顺序排到最后位置']
>>> names.pop()     #删除列表最后一个值
'按照顺序排到最后位置'
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WuJiu']
>>> names.pop(1)     #指定列表索引值，删除指定元素
'LiSi'
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'WuJiu']
>>> names[1:] = []     #删除第一个及后面所有元素
>>> names
['ZhangSan']
>>> names.clear()        #清空整个列表
>>> names
[]

>>> names
['ZhangSan']
>>> L = ['李四','王五','赵六']
>>> names.extend(L)
>>> names
['ZhangSan', '李四', '王五', '赵六']

##    浅拷贝
>>> names = ['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1,2,3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy = names.copy()
>>> names_copy
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy[1] = 'TengBb'
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy
['ZhangSan', 'TengBb', [1, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']>>> names_copy[2][0] = 100
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [100, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy
['ZhangSan', 'TengBb', [100, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']#从上述结果可以看出，names.copy()复制出一个与names列表一样的列表当修改列表中的内容时，如果列表中嵌套有列表，那么如果修改是列表的第一层，那么只会更改修改的那个列表，如果修改的是嵌套里的列表的内容，则两个列表的内容的都会更改##    深拷贝
>>> import copy
>>> names = ['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1,2,3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy = copy.deepcopy(names)
>>> names_copy
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy[2][0] = 100
>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [1, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']
>>> names_copy
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', [100, 2, 3], 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi']#如上结果所示，深拷贝的时候，就是完全都开辟出另外一个内存空间，及修改其中一个列表中任意一个值，另外一个列表都不会发生变化

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhangSan', 'SunQi']
>>> names.count('ZhangSan')
2

>>> names
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'ZhouLiu', 'SunQi', 1, 2, 3]
>>> names.sort()     #排序
Traceback (most recent call last):File "<pyshell#36>", line 1, in <module>names.sort()
TypeError: '<' not supported between instances of 'int' and 'str'     #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了
>>> names[-3:] = ['1','2','3']
>>> names
['LiSi', 'SunQi', 'WangWu', 'ZhangSan', 'ZhouLiu', '1', '2', '3']
>>> names.sort()
>>> names
['1', '2', '3', 'LiSi', 'SunQi', 'WangWu', 'ZhangSan', 'ZhouLiu']>>> names.reverse()     #反转
>>> names
['ZhouLiu', 'ZhangSan', 'WangWu', 'SunQi', 'LiSi', '3', '2', '1']

>>> names
['ZhaoLiu', 'LiSi', 'WangWu', 'WangWu', 'SunQi']
>>> names.index('WangWu')
2          #只返回找到的第一个下标

>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu'}
>>> 'stu02' in stu_info     #标准用法
True
>>> stu_info.get('stu02')     #获取值
'LiSi'
>>> stu_info['stu02']     #同上，但是看下面
'LiSi'
>>> stu_info['stu05']     #如果一个key不存在，就报错，get不会，不存在只返回None，看下一个。
Traceback (most recent call last):File "<pyshell#16>", line 1, in <module>stu_info['stu05']
KeyError: 'stu05'
>>> print(stu_info.get('stu05'))
None
>>> stu_info.get('stu05',88)     #如果要获取的key不存在，那么返回定义的值。如果存在则返回该key的值，看下一个。
88
>>> stu_info.get('stu02',88)
'LiSi'

>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu'}
>>> stu_info['stu04'] = '赵六'
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': '赵六'}

>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': '赵六'}
>>> stu_info['stu01'] = '张三'
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': '张三', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': '赵六'}

>>> stu_info
{'stu01': '张三', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': '赵六'}
>>> stu_info.pop('stu01')    #删除指定值
'张三'
>>> stu_info
{'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': '赵六'}
>>> del stu_info['stu04']     #同上一个
>>> stu_info
{'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu'}
>>> stu_info.popitem()     #随机删除
('stu03', 'WangWu')
>>> stu_info
{'stu02': 'LiSi'}

>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu'}
>>> list(stu_info.keys())     #返回字典的键列表，3.0中要用list调用来显示所有值
['stu01', 'stu02', 'stu03']
>>> list(stu_info.values())     #返回字典的值列表
['ZhangSan', 'LiSi', 'WangWu']#设置默认值
>>> stu_info.setdefault('stu04','ZhaoLiu')
'ZhaoLiu'
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': 'ZhaoLiu'}
>>> stu_info.setdefault('stu01','张三')
'ZhangSan'
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': 'ZhaoLiu'}#update (把一个字典的键和值合并到另一个字典中，盲目地覆盖相同键的值)
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': 'ZhaoLiu'}
>>> b = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3}
>>> stu_info.update(b)
>>> stu_info
{'stu01': 'ZhangSan', 'stu02': 'LiSi', 'stu03': 'WangWu', 'stu04': 'ZhaoLiu', 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}#items  返回字典的(key,value)对元组
>>> list(stu_info.items())
[('stu01', 'ZhangSan'), ('stu02', 'LiSi'), ('stu03', 'WangWu'), ('stu04', 'ZhaoLiu'), ('a', 1), ('b', 2), ('c', 3)]

>>> s = set([2,10,8,3])     #创建一个数值集合
>>> s
{8, 3, 2, 10}
>>> t = set('Hello')     #创建一个唯一字符的集合
>>> t
{'e', 'l', 'H', 'o'}
>>> len(s),len(t)     #查看集合的长度
(4, 4)
>>> 3 in s     #测试3是否包含在 s集合 内
True
>>> 3 not in s     #测试3是否不包含在 s集合 内
False#基本操作
>>> t.add('world')     #添加一项
>>> t
{'l', 'H', 'e', 'world', 'o'}
>>> s.update([15,26,38])     #在s中添加多项
>>> s
{2, 3, 38, 8, 10, 15, 26}
>>> t.remove('H')     #删除一项
>>> t
{'l', 'e', 'world', 'o'}
>>> len(t)     #集合的长度
4>>> s1 = {1,2,3,4}
>>> s2 = {1,5,3,6}
>>> s1.intersection(s2)     #交集（返回一个新的 set 包含 s1 和 s2 中的公共元素）
{1, 3}
>>> s1 & s2     #同上一个（交集）
{1, 3}
>>> s1.union(s2)     #并集（返回一个新的 set 包含 s1 和 s2 中的每一个元素）
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
>>> s1 | s2     #同上一个（并集）
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
>>> s1.difference(s2)     #差集（返回一个新的 set 包含 s1 中有但是 s2 中没有的元素）
{2, 4}
>>> s1 - s2     #同上一个（差集）
{2, 4}
>>> s1.symmetric_difference(s2)     #对称差集（返回一个新的 set 包含 s1 和 s2 中不重复的元素）
{2, 4, 5, 6}
>>> s1 ^ s2     #同上一个（对称差集）
{2, 4, 5, 6}>>> s1.issubset(s2)     #测试是否 s1 中的每一个元素都在 s2 中
False
>>> s1.issubset({1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8})
True
>>> s1 <= s2     #同上一个
False
>>> s1 <= {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}
True
>>> s1.issuperset(s2)     #测试是否 s1 中的每一个元素都在 s2 中
False
>>> s1.issuperset(set([1,3]))
True
>>> s1 >= s2     #同上一个
False
>>> s1 >= {1,3}
True>>> s1.copy()     #返回集合 s1 的一个浅复制
{1, 2, 3, 4}

Somehow, it seems the love I knew was always the most destructive kind
不知为何，我经历的爱情总是最具毁灭性的的那种
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
The taste of life was sweet
生命的滋味是甜的
As rain upon my tongue
就如舌尖上的雨露
I teased at life as if it were a foolish game
我戏弄生命 视其为愚蠢的游戏
The way the evening breeze
就如夜晚的微风
May tease the candle flame
逗弄蜡烛的火苗
The thousand dreams I dreamed
我曾千万次梦见
The splendid things I planned
那些我计划的绚丽蓝图
I always built to last on weak and shifting sand
但我总是将之建筑在易逝的流沙上
I lived by night and shunned the naked light of day
我夜夜笙歌 逃避白昼赤裸的阳光
And only now I see how the time ran away
事到如今我才看清岁月是如何匆匆流逝
Yesterday when I was young
昨日当我年少轻狂
So many lovely songs were waiting to be sung
有那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
I ran so fast that time and youth at last ran out
我飞快地奔走 最终时光与青春消逝殆尽
I never stopped to think what life was all about
我从未停下脚步去思考生命的意义
And every conversation that I can now recall
如今回想起的所有对话
Concerned itself with me and nothing else at all
除了和我相关的 什么都记不得了
The game of love I played with arrogance and pride
我用自负和傲慢玩着爱情的游戏
And every flame I lit too quickly, quickly died
所有我点燃的火焰都熄灭得太快
The friends I made all somehow seemed to slip away
所有我交的朋友似乎都不知不觉地离开了
And only now I'm left alone to end the play, yeah
只剩我一个人在台上来结束这场闹剧
Oh, yesterday when I was young
噢 昨日当我年少轻狂
So many, many songs were waiting to be sung
有那么那么多甜美的曲儿等我歌唱
So many wild pleasures lay in store for me
有那么多肆意的快乐等我享受
And so much pain my eyes refused to see
还有那么多痛苦 我的双眼却视而不见
There are so many songs in me that won't be sung
我有太多歌曲永远不会被唱起
I feel the bitter taste of tears upon my tongue
我尝到了舌尖泪水的苦涩滋味
The time has come for me to pay for yesterday
终于到了付出代价的时间 为了昨日
When I was young
当我年少轻狂

class file(object):def close(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        关闭文件"""close() -> None or (perhaps) an integer.  Close the file.Sets data attribute .closed to True.  A closed file cannot be used forfurther I/O operations.  close() may be called more than once withouterror.  Some kinds of file objects (for example, opened by popen())may return an exit status upon closing."""def fileno(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        文件描述符  """fileno() -> integer "file descriptor".This is needed for lower-level file interfaces, such os.read()."""return 0    def flush(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        刷新文件内部缓冲区""" flush() -> None.  Flush the internal I/O buffer. """passdef isatty(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        判断文件是否是同意tty设备""" isatty() -> true or false.  True if the file is connected to a tty device. """return Falsedef next(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        获取下一行数据，不存在，则报错""" x.next() -> the next value, or raise StopIteration """passdef read(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取指定字节数据"""read([size]) -> read at most size bytes, returned as a string.If the size argument is negative or omitted, read until EOF is reached.Notice that when in non-blocking mode, less data than what was requestedmay be returned, even if no size parameter was given."""passdef readinto(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取到缓冲区，不要用，将被遗弃""" readinto() -> Undocumented.  Don't use this; it may go away. """passdef readline(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        仅读取一行数据"""readline([size]) -> next line from the file, as a string.Retain newline.  A non-negative size argument limits the maximumnumber of bytes to return (an incomplete line may be returned then).Return an empty string at EOF."""passdef readlines(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        读取所有数据，并根据换行保存值列表"""readlines([size]) -> list of strings, each a line from the file.Call readline() repeatedly and return a list of the lines so read.The optional size argument, if given, is an approximate bound on thetotal number of bytes in the lines returned."""return []def seek(self, offset, whence=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        指定文件中指针位置"""seek(offset[, whence]) -> None.  Move to new file position.Argument offset is a byte count.  Optional argument whence defaults to0 (offset from start of file, offset should be >= 0); other values are 1(move relative to current position, positive or negative), and 2 (moverelative to end of file, usually negative, although many platforms allowseeking beyond the end of a file).  If the file is opened in text mode,only offsets returned by tell() are legal.  Use of other offsets causesundefined behavior.Note that not all file objects are seekable."""passdef tell(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        获取当前指针位置""" tell() -> current file position, an integer (may be a long integer). """passdef truncate(self, size=None): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        截断数据，仅保留指定之前数据"""truncate([size]) -> None.  Truncate the file to at most size bytes.Size defaults to the current file position, as returned by tell()."""passdef write(self, p_str): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        写内容"""write(str) -> None.  Write string str to file.Note that due to buffering, flush() or close() may be needed beforethe file on disk reflects the data written."""passdef writelines(self, sequence_of_strings): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        将一个字符串列表写入文件"""writelines(sequence_of_strings) -> None.  Write the strings to the file.Note that newlines are not added.  The sequence can be any iterable objectproducing strings. This is equivalent to calling write() for each string."""passdef xreadlines(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        可用于逐行读取文件，非全部"""xreadlines() -> returns self.For backward compatibility. File objects now include the performanceoptimizations previously implemented in the xreadlines module."""pass