如何搭建简易蓝牙定位系统
本文将简单介绍如何搭建一套蓝牙定位系统,供移动客户端(包括android和iOS)定位。
1.准备设备
2.设置蓝牙定位器
3.部署蓝牙设备
UUID | Major | Minor | Lat | Lon |
e2c56db5-dffb-48d2-b060-d0f5a71096e0 | 1001 | 10001 | 39.45678 | 116.23456 |
e2c56db5-dffb-48d2-b060-d0f5a71096e0 | 1001 | 10002 | 39.45674 | 116.23476 |
... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
4.客户端App开发
4.1 Android应用开发
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />
2. 创建beacon数据项类
public class IBeaconRecord {public String address; // 设备地址(Mac)public String uuid; // Proximity UUIDpublic int major; // Majorpublic int minor; // Minorpublic int rssi; // 场强
}
3. 创建扫描工具类
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;import com.example.vo.IBeaconRecord;import android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice;
import android.bluetooth.BluetoothManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.Handler;public class BLEPositioning {private Context m_ctx;private Handler handler;private BluetoothManager bluetoothManager;private BluetoothAdapter mBluetoothAdapter;// 存储蓝牙扫描结果,key - name_address, value - List<IBeaconRecord>private Map<String, List<IBeaconRecord>> mapBltScanResult;public BLEPositioning(Context ctx) {super();this.m_ctx = ctx;initParam();}/*** 初始化*/private void initParam() {handler = new Handler();mapBltScanResult = new HashMap<String, List<IBeaconRecord>>();// 设备SDK版本大于17(Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1)才支持BLE 4.0if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {bluetoothManager = (BluetoothManager) this.m_ctx.getSystemService(Context.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE);mBluetoothAdapter = bluetoothManager.getAdapter();}}/*** 开始扫描蓝牙设备*/public void startScan(){mapBltScanResult.clear();if (mBluetoothAdapter != null && mBluetoothAdapter.isEnabled()) {// 5秒后停止扫描,毕竟扫描蓝牙设备比较费电,根据定位及时性自行调整该值handler.postDelayed(new Runnable() {@Overridepublic void run() {mBluetoothAdapter.stopLeScan(bltScanCallback);}}, 5 * 1000);mBluetoothAdapter.startLeScan(bltScanCallback); // 开始扫描}}/*** 请求定位服务,由你们完成,* 如果指纹数据在本地,定位算法就在当前App里完成*/public void requestServer(){// TODO // 利用mapBltScanResult(蓝牙扫描结果)请求定位服务或本地计算定位}/*** 蓝牙扫描回调,获取扫描获得的蓝牙设备信息*/private BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback bltScanCallback = new BluetoothAdapter.LeScanCallback() {@Overridepublic void onLeScan(final BluetoothDevice device, int rssi,byte[] scanRecord) {/*** 参数列表描述* 1.device - BluetoothDevice类对象,* 通过该对象可以得到硬件地址(比如"00:11:22:AA:BB:CC")、设备名称等信息* 2.rssi - 蓝牙设备场强值,小于0的int值* 3.scanRecord - 这里内容比较丰富,像UUID、Major、Minor都在这里*/IBeaconRecord record = new IBeaconRecord();if (fromScanData(scanRecord, record)) {String address = device.getAddress(); // 获取Mac地址String name = device.getName(); // 获取设备名称String key = name + "_" + address;record.address = address; // Mac地址record.rssi = rssi; // 场强if (mapBltScanResult.containsKey(key)) {mapBltScanResult.get(key).add(record);} else {ArrayList<IBeaconRecord> list = new ArrayList<IBeaconRecord>();list.add(record);mapBltScanResult.put(key, list);}}}};/*** 解析蓝牙信息数据流* 注:该段代码是从网上看到的,来源不详* @param scanData* @param record* @return*/private boolean fromScanData(byte[] scanData, IBeaconRecord record) {int startByte = 2;boolean patternFound = false;while (startByte <= 5) {if (((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x02&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x15) {// yes! This is an iBeaconpatternFound = true;break;} else if (((int) scanData[startByte] & 0xff) == 0x2d&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 1] & 0xff) == 0x24&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0xbf&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0x16) {return false;} else if (((int) scanData[startByte] & 0xff) == 0xad&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 1] & 0xff) == 0x77&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 2] & 0xff) == 0x00&& ((int) scanData[startByte + 3] & 0xff) == 0xc6) {return false;}startByte++;}if (patternFound == false) {// This is not an iBeaconreturn false;}// 获得Major属性record.major = (scanData[startByte + 20] & 0xff) * 0x100+ (scanData[startByte + 21] & 0xff);// 获得Minor属性record.minor = (scanData[startByte + 22] & 0xff) * 0x100+ (scanData[startByte + 23] & 0xff);// record.tx_power = (int) scanData[startByte + 24]; // this one is// signed// record.accuracy = calculateAccuracy(record.tx_power, record.rssi);// if (record.accuracy < 0) {// return false;// }try {byte[] proximityUuidBytes = new byte[16];System.arraycopy(scanData, startByte + 4, proximityUuidBytes, 0, 16);String hexString = bytesToHex(proximityUuidBytes);StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();sb.append(hexString.substring(0, 8));sb.append("-");sb.append(hexString.substring(8, 12));sb.append("-");sb.append(hexString.substring(12, 16));sb.append("-");sb.append(hexString.substring(16, 20));sb.append("-");sb.append(hexString.substring(20, 32));// beacon.put("proximity_uuid", sb.toString());// 获得UUID属性record.uuid = sb.toString();} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}return true;}private char[] hexArray = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8','9', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f' };private String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {char[] hexChars = new char[bytes.length * 2];int v;for (int j = 0; j < bytes.length; j++) {v = bytes[j] & 0xFF;hexChars[j * 2] = hexArray[v >>> 4];hexChars[j * 2 + 1] = hexArray[v & 0x0F];}return new String(hexChars);}
}
扫描结果放在mapBltScanResult里,该HashMap的key由设备Mac地址和名称组成(address_name),value是个ArrayList,记录着该蓝牙设备多次扫描得到的信息(IBeaconRecord)序列,请求定位服务或本地计算定位之前,这些序列要进行平均处理(其实只是平均rssi值)。经过RSSI值多次平均处理后,一定程度上减小蓝牙设备不稳定因素。
4.2 iOS应用开发
APLDefaults.h文件
/*File: APLDefaults.hAbstract: Contains default values for the application.Version: 1.1Copyright (C) 2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.*/extern NSString *BeaconIdentifier;@interface APLDefaults : NSObject+ (APLDefaults *)sharedDefaults;@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSArray *supportedProximityUUIDs;@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSUUID *defaultProximityUUID;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSNumber *defaultPower;@end
APLDefaults.m文件
/*File: APLDefaults.mAbstract: Contains default values for the application.Version: 1.1Copyright (C) 2014 Apple Inc. All Rights Reserved.*/#import "APLDefaults.h"NSString *BeaconIdentifier = @"com.example.apple-samplecode.AirLocate";@implementation APLDefaults- (id)init
{self = [super init];if(self){// uuidgen should be used to generate UUIDs._supportedProximityUUIDs = @[[[NSUUID alloc] initWithUUIDString:@"E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0"],[[NSUUID alloc] initWithUUIDString:@"5A4BCFCE-174E-4BAC-A814-092E77F6B7E5"],[[NSUUID alloc] initWithUUIDString:@"74278BDA-B644-4520-8F0C-720EAF059935"]];_defaultPower = @-59;}return self;
}+ (APLDefaults *)sharedDefaults
{static id sharedDefaults = nil;static dispatch_once_t onceToken;dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{sharedDefaults = [[self alloc] init];});return sharedDefaults;
}- (NSUUID *)defaultProximityUUID
{return _supportedProximityUUIDs[0];
}@end
2. 定义变量
// 存储扫描获得的蓝牙设备信息// key - proximityUUID_Major_Minor// value - NSArray (CLBeacon)NSMutableDictionary *dicBeacons;CLLocationManager *locationManager;NSMutableDictionary *rangedRegions; // 要扫描的regionNSTimer *timerPos; // 定时器,用于控制扫描时间长短
3. 初始化
dicBeacons = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];locationManager.delegate = self; // 当前类接收回调,从而获得蓝牙设备信息// Populate the regions we will range once.rangedRegions = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];for (NSUUID *uuid in [APLDefaults sharedDefaults].supportedProximityUUIDs){CLBeaconRegion *region = [[CLBeaconRegion alloc] initWithProximityUUID:uuid identifier:[uuid UUIDString]];rangedRegions[region] = [NSArray array];}
4. 开始扫描、停止扫描和请求定位服务
// 开始扫描蓝牙
- (void)startScanning
{// 定时3.0秒后请求定位服务,时间间隔自行设置,只要有足够的扫描时间即可timerPos = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:3.0 target:self selector:@selector(startPositioning) userInfo:nil repeats:NO];[dicBeacons removeAllObjects];// 开始扫描for (CLBeaconRegion *region in rangedRegions){[locationManager startRangingBeaconsInRegion:region];}
}// 停止扫描蓝牙
- (void)stopScanning
{// 停止扫描for (CLBeaconRegion *region in rangedRegions){[locationManager stopRangingBeaconsInRegion:region];}
}// 请求定位服务
- (void)startPositioning
{[self stopScanning]; // 停止扫描// 以下根据扫描结果dicBeacons来请求定位服务//
}
#pragma mark - Location manager delegate
- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didRangeBeacons:(NSArray *)beacons inRegion:(CLBeaconRegion *)region
{/*CoreLocation will call this delegate method at 1 Hz with updated range information.Beacons will be categorized and displayed by proximity. A beacon can belong to multipleregions. It will be displayed multiple times if that is the case. If that is not desired,use a set instead of an array.*/for (NSNumber *range in @[@(CLProximityUnknown), @(CLProximityImmediate), @(CLProximityNear), @(CLProximityFar)]){NSArray *proximityBeacons = [beacons filteredArrayUsingPredicate:[NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"proximity = %d", [range intValue]]];for (int i = 0; i < [proximityBeacons count]; i++) {CLBeacon *beacon = [proximityBeacons objectAtIndex:i];// 场强过滤,RSSI值要在-90到0之间if (beacon.rssi < 0 && beacon.rssi > -90) {NSString *strKey = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@_%@_%@",[beacon.proximityUUID UUIDString], beacon.major, beacon.minor];if ([dicBeacons objectForKey:strKey]) {[[dicBeacons objectForKey:strKey] addObject:beacon];} else {NSMutableArray *arrBeacons = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];[arrBeacons addObject:beacon];[dicBeacons setObject:arrBeacons forKey:strKey];}}}}
}
5. 定位服务开发
{"ble_arr” = ({major = 1001;minor = 10006;rssi = "-65";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10002;rssi = "-72";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10005;rssi = "-49";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10008;rssi = "-74";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10001;rssi = "-65";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10004;rssi = "-76";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 10007;rssi = "-66";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";},{major = 1001;minor = 17010;rssi = "-67";uuid = " E2C56DB5-DFFB-48D2-B060-D0F5A71096E0";});
}
根据客户端上传的设备列表信息和指纹库信息计算出一个位置点返回给客户端,这样一个定位服务算搞定了!目前有多种定位算法和技术,可以参考相关文献资料!
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