mysql 求分组最大值的十个解法

发布时间：2020-08-08 23:32:28

来源：51CTO

阅读：1383

作者：努力的C

"How to solve the same problem in 10 different ways".

One of the common problems to solve in SQL is "Get row with the group-wise maximum". Getting just the maximum for the group is simple, getting the full row which is belonging to the maximum is the interesting step.

求每个分组的最大值也许简单，但是求出对应的最大值的所有信息却是一个非常有意思的话题。

SELECT MAX(population), continent

FROM Country

GROUP BY continent;

+-----------------+---------------+

| MAX(population) | continent |

+-----------------+---------------+

| 1277558000 | Asia |

| 146934000 | Europe |

| 278357000 | North America |

| 111506000 | Africa |

| 18886000 | Oceania |

| 0 | Antarctica |

| 170115000 | South America |

+-----------------+---------------+

We use the 'world' database from the MySQL manual for the examples.

我们试用了MySQL手册中的‘world’数据库作为测试

The next step is to find the countries which have the population and the continent of our gathered data.

下面我们就可以找到一条数据对应的全部数据

***SELECT continent, name, population

FROM Country

WHERE population = 1277558000

AND continent = 'Asia';

+-----------+-------+------------+

| continent | name | population |

+-----------+-------+------------+

| Asia | China | 1277558000 |

+-----------+-------+------------+

Instead of doing this row by row we just do a JOIN between the two by using a temporary table:

为避免一行一行的搜索，我们可以建一个临时表，然后使用join操作

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE co2

SELECT continent, MAX(population) AS maxpop

FROM Country

GROUP BY continent;

SELECT co1.continent, co1.name, co1.population

FROM Country AS co1, co2

WHERE co2.continent = co1.continent

AND co1.population = co2.maxpop;*

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

| continent | name | population |

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

| Oceania | Australia | 18886000 |

| South America | Brazil | 170115000 |

| Asia | China | 1277558000 |

| Africa | Nigeria | 111506000 |

| Europe | Russian Federation | 146934000 |

| North America | United States | 278357000 |

| Antarctica | Antarctica | 0 |

| Antarctica | Bouvet Island | 0 |

| Antarctica | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 0 |

| Antarctica | Heard Island and McDonald Islands | 0 |

| Antarctica | French Southern territories | 0 |

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

DROP TEMPORARY TABLE co2;

删除临时表；

Instead of using a temporary table as internal steps we can write the same also as simple sub-query which is creating a temporary table internally.

当然了，我们也可以使用子查询代替临时表

*SELECT co1.continent, co1.name, co1.population

FROM Country AS co1,

(SELECT continent, MAX(population) AS maxpop

FROM Country

GROUP BY continent) AS co2

WHERE co2.continent = co1.continent

and co1.population = co2.maxpop;***

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

| continent | name | population |

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

| Oceania | Australia | 18886000 |

| South America | Brazil | 170115000 |

| Asia | China | 1277558000 |

| Africa | Nigeria | 111506000 |

| Europe | Russian Federation | 146934000 |

| North America | United States | 278357000 |

| Antarctica | Antarctica | 0 |

| Antarctica | Bouvet Island | 0 |

| Antarctica | South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands | 0 |

| Antarctica | Heard Island and McDonald Islands | 0 |

| Antarctica | French Southern territories | 0 |

+---------------+----------------------------------------------+------------+

The sub-query is executed in the exact same way as the temporary table we created by hand. Instead of JOINing against the temporary table we JOIN against the result of the sub-query.

Hmm, this was too simple ? Let's take a look at the alternatives:

SELECT co1.continent, co1.name, co1.population

FROM Country AS co1

WHERE co1.population =

(SELECT MAX(population) AS maxpop

FROM Country AS co2

WHERE co2.continent = co1.continent);

To be read as: 'Get the countries which have the same population as the maximum population of the current country'. Using such a sub-qeury results in more readable sub-queries. BUT ... they a 'DEPENDENT' as the inner query is refering to a field of the outer query. This means that for each row of the outer query the inner query is executed.

The same query can be written in two other ways:

SELECT continent, name, population

FROM Country

WHERE ROW(population, continent) IN (

SELECT MAX(population), continent

FROM Country

GROUP BY continent);

SELECT co1.continent, co1.name, co1.population

FROM country as co1

WHERE co1.population >= ALL

(SELECT co2.population

FROM country AS co2

WHERE co2.continent = co1.continent);

If you don't want to use sub-queries and prefer pure JOINs perhaps there are for you:

SELECT co1.continent, co1.name, co1.population

FROM country AS co1 LEFT JOIN country AS co2

ON co1.population < co2.population AND

co1.continent = co2.continent

WHERE co2.population is NULL;

SELECT co1.Continent, co1.Name

FROM Country AS co1 JOIN Country AS co2

ON co2.Continent = co1.Continent AND

co1.Population <= co2.Population

GROUP BY co1.Continent, co1.Name

HAVING COUNT(*) = 1

added 2005-05-28 as no. 11, sent in by rudy@r937.com

SELECT co1.continent, co1.name

FROM Country AS co1 JOIN Country AS co2

ON co1.continent = co2.continent

GROUP BY co1.continent, co1.name

HAVING co1.population = MAX(co2.population)

Now you already know 8 ways. The last two shall only give you some more ideas. First of all a way that doesn't work (yet).

SELECT co2.continent, MAX(co2.population) AS maxpop,

(SELECT name

FROM Country

WHERE population = maxpop AND

continent = co2.continent)

FROM Country AS co2

GROUP BY co2.continent;

ERROR 1247 (42S22): Reference 'maxpop' not supported (reference to group function)

And as the last one the modified max-concat example from the manual.

SELECT continent,

SUBSTRING( MAX( CONCAT(LPAD(population,10,'0'),name) ), 10+1) AS name,

MAX( population ) AS population

FROM Country

GROUP BY continent;

The result is slightly different but it is more about the idea.