Android 静默安装和智能安装的实现方法

1 简介

最近研究了Android的静默安装和智能安装，于是写博客记录一下。
静默安装就是无声无息的在后台安装apk，没有任何界面提示。
智能安装就是有安装界面，但全部是自动的，不需要用户去点击。
首先强调两点：

静默安装必须要root权限
智能安装必须要用户手动开启无障碍服务

2 原理

静默安装、卸载的原理就是利用pm install命令来安装apk，pm uninstall 来卸载apk.
智能安装是利用android系统提供的无障碍服务AccessibilityService，来模拟用户点击，从而自动安装.

3 pm命令介绍

(1) pm install
pm install 命令的用法及参数解释如下:

pm install [-l] [-r] [-t] [-i INSTALLER_PACKAGE_NAME] [-s] [-f] PATHOptions:-l: install the package with FORWARD_LOCK.
  -r: reinstall an exisiting app, keeping its data.
  -t: allow test .apks to be installed.
  -i: specify the installer package name.
  -s: install package on sdcard.
  -f: install package on internal flash.

(2) pm uninstall
pm uninstall 命令的用法及参数解释如下:

pm uninstall [-k] PACKAGEOptions:-k: keep the data and cache directories around.

上面英语很简单，不解释了.

4 静默安装

为了方便演示，我把爱奇艺的安装包重命名为test.apk后放在了sdcard上。你可以自己去爱奇艺官网去下载，也可以自己找一个apk放到sdcard上，但是要知道apk的包名，后面卸载的时候要用到。
先上代码：

//静默安装private void installSlient() {String cmd = "pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk";Process process = null;DataOutputStream os = null;BufferedReader successResult = null;BufferedReader errorResult = null;StringBuilder successMsg = null;StringBuilder errorMsg = null;try {//静默安装需要root权限process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());os.write(cmd.getBytes());os.writeBytes("\n");os.writeBytes("exit\n");os.flush();//执行命令process.waitFor();//获取返回结果successMsg = new StringBuilder();errorMsg = new StringBuilder();successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));String s;while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) {successMsg.append(s);}while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) {errorMsg.append(s);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (os != null) {os.close();}if (process != null) {process.destroy();}if (successResult != null) {successResult.close();}if (errorResult != null) {errorResult.close();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//显示结果tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());}

这段代码就是在程序中执行pm命令，和在adb下执行 pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk 效果是一样的, 关键的代码是 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) ，这段代码会要求获取root权限，所以你的手机必须root，不想root的话，直接用模拟器也可以。

通过 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(“su”) 获取到 process 对象后就可以写入命令了，每写入一条命令就要换行，写入 ‘\n’ 即可，最后写入exit后离开命令执行的环境.

5 静默卸载

静默卸载和静默安装是一样的，只是命令不同，静默卸载需要用到包名，同样，静默卸载也需要root权限
看代码：

//爱奇艺apk的包名
private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.qiyi.video";
//静默卸载private void uninstallSlient() {String cmd = "pm uninstall " + PACKAGE_NAME;Process process = null;DataOutputStream os = null;BufferedReader successResult = null;BufferedReader errorResult = null;StringBuilder successMsg = null;StringBuilder errorMsg = null;try {//卸载也需要root权限process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());os.write(cmd.getBytes());os.writeBytes("\n");os.writeBytes("exit\n");os.flush();//执行命令process.waitFor();//获取返回结果successMsg = new StringBuilder();errorMsg = new StringBuilder();successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));String s;while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) {successMsg.append(s);}while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) {errorMsg.append(s);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (os != null) {os.close();}if (process != null) {process.destroy();}if (successResult != null) {successResult.close();}if (errorResult != null) {errorResult.close();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//显示结果tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());}

和静默安装一样的代码就不解释了。还有，如果你不知道一个apk的包名，那么请反编译后去看AndroidManifest.xml文件，如果这个文件打开全是乱码，说明是被混淆过的，那么直接安装它，然后到/data/data下面去找它的包，当然，手机得root才能进/data/data目录。

6 智能安装

智能安装就稍微麻烦点了，原理是用到了android提供的AccessibilityService服务，这个服务可以获取屏幕上的节点，一个节点也就是一个view，我们写的xml文件中每个标签就是一个节点，然后可以模拟用户的操作，对这些节点进行点击、滑动等操作。我们就是利用这个原理，来自动点击安装按钮的，当然使用这个服务必须用户手动开启无障碍服务。下面我们来看具体的实现方法。

(1) 创建AccessibilityService配置文件
在res目录下创建xml目录，然后在xml目录下创建一个accessibility_service_config.xml文件，内容如下
res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml:

<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric"android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault"android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"android:description="@string/desc"android:packageNames="com.android.packageinstaller"/>

accessibilityEventTypes:指定我们在监听窗口中可以模拟哪些事件，typeAllMask表示所有的事件都能模拟.
accessibilityFeedbackType:指定无障碍服务的反馈方式.
canRetrieveWindowContent:指定是否允许我们的程序读取窗口中的节点和内容，当然是true.
description: 当用户手动配置服务时，会显示给用户看.
packageNames: 指定我们要监听哪个应用程序下的窗口活动，这里写com.android.packageinstaller表示监听Android系统的安装界面。
其余参数照写即可。
res/strings.xml:

<resources><string name="app_name">SlientInstallTest</string><string name="desc">智能安装app功能演示</string>
</resources>

(2) 创建AccessibilityService服务

public class MyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService {private static final String TAG = "[TAG]";private Map<Integer, Boolean> handleMap = new HashMap<>();@Overridepublic void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = event.getSource();if (nodeInfo != null) {int eventType = event.getEventType();if (eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED) {if (handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null) {boolean handled = iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo);if (handled) {handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true);}}}}}@Overridepublic void onInterrupt() {}//遍历节点，模拟点击安装按钮private boolean iterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo) {if (nodeInfo != null) {int childCount = nodeInfo.getChildCount();if ("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) {String nodeCotent = nodeInfo.getText().toString();Log.d(TAG, "content is: " + nodeCotent);if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent)) {nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);return true;}}//遇到ScrollView的时候模拟滑动一下else if ("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) {nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD);}for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {AccessibilityNodeInfo childNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i);if (iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo)) {return true;}}}return false;}
}

当进入apk安装界面就会回调onAccessibilityEvent()这个方法，我们只关心TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED和TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED两个事件，为了防止重复处理事件，用一个map来过滤事件，后面递归遍历节点，找到’安装’ ‘完成’ ‘确定’ 的按钮，就点击，由于安装界面需要滚动一下才能出现安装按钮，所以遇到ScrollView的时候就滚动一下.

(3) 在AndroidManifest中配置服务

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/><application
        android:allowBackup="true"android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"android:label="@string/app_name"android:supportsRtl="true"android:theme="@style/AppTheme"><activity android:name=".MainActivity"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/><category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/></intent-filter></activity><service
            android:name=".MyAccessibilityService"android:label="智能安装App"android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService"/></intent-filter><meta-data
                android:name="android.accessibilityservice"android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config"/></service></application>

重点是后面的service标签:
android:label：这个就是用户看到的无障碍服务的名称
android:permission: 需要用到BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE这个权限.
action: android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService 有了这个action，用户才能在设置里面看到我们的服务，否则用户无法开启我们写的服务，也就不能进到我们写的MyAccessibilityService里面了.所以，注意不要写错了，如果你发现无障碍服务里面没有我们写的服务，请检查这里.

(4) 调用智能安装代码
前面准备工作完毕后，现在要用了,调用智能安装的代码如下：

 //智能安装private void smartInstall() {Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File("/mnt/sdcard/test.apk"));Intent localIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);localIntent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");startActivity(localIntent);}

(5) 手动配置智能安装服务
代码运行之后，还要用户选择开启智能安装服务，让用户自己去找是不明智的，因此，我们要主动跳到配置界面，代码如下：

//跳转到开启智能安装服务的界面
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);
startActivity(intent);

配置如下图:

看到了吗，上面显示的就是Service里面的label的值，如果你没有上面的选项，请检查AndroidManifest里面Service的配置.
点击’智能安装App’,开启服务，如下图：

其中的提示文字就是我们在res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml文件中配置的description属性

7 只能我们写的app可以自动安装

这样写完代码可以运行，点击按钮自动安装sdcard上的test.apk.但是你会发现，所有apk都会自动安装，这就不符合我们的要求了，我们要求只能通过我们写的app来自动安装，其他apk还是要用户手动去点。怎么解决这个问题呢？
思路是：在MainActivity中创建一个public static boolean flag,在MyAccessibilityService的onAccessibilityEvent()中加一个flag判断，然后调用智能安装前flag设为true,创建apk安装事件的广播接收器，当apk安装完成后，设置falg为false，这样其他apk就不能自动安装了，就解决了这个问题
下面上完整代码.

8 完整代码

app/MainActivity.java:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {private static final String TAG = "[TAG][MainActivity]";private static final String PACKAGE_NAME = "com.qiyi.video";private String apkPath = "/mnt/sdcard/test.apk";public static boolean flag = false;//控制只能自己的app才能执行智能安装private TextView tvTest;private MyInstallReceiver receiver;@Overrideprotected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);tvTest = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test);findViewById(R.id.btn_install).setOnClickListener(this);findViewById(R.id.btn_uninstall).setOnClickListener(this);findViewById(R.id.btn_set).setOnClickListener(this);findViewById(R.id.btn_smart_install).setOnClickListener(this);//注册apk安装监听receiver = new MyInstallReceiver();IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED");filter.addAction("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED");filter.addDataScheme("package");this.registerReceiver(receiver, filter);}@Overridepublic void onClick(View v) {switch (v.getId()) {//静默安装case R.id.btn_install:installSlient();break;//静默卸载case R.id.btn_uninstall:uninstallSlient();break;//设置无障碍服务case R.id.btn_set://跳转到开启无障碍服务的界面Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_ACCESSIBILITY_SETTINGS);startActivity(intent);break;//智能安装case R.id.btn_smart_install://控制只能自己的app才能智能安装flag = true;smartInstall();break;}}//静默安装private void installSlient() {String cmd = "pm install -r /mnt/sdcard/test.apk";Process process = null;DataOutputStream os = null;BufferedReader successResult = null;BufferedReader errorResult = null;StringBuilder successMsg = null;StringBuilder errorMsg = null;try {//静默安装需要root权限process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());os.write(cmd.getBytes());os.writeBytes("\n");os.writeBytes("exit\n");os.flush();//执行命令process.waitFor();//获取返回结果successMsg = new StringBuilder();errorMsg = new StringBuilder();successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));String s;while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) {successMsg.append(s);}while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) {errorMsg.append(s);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (os != null) {os.close();}if (process != null) {process.destroy();}if (successResult != null) {successResult.close();}if (errorResult != null) {errorResult.close();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//显示结果tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());}//静默卸载private void uninstallSlient() {String cmd = "pm uninstall " + PACKAGE_NAME;Process process = null;DataOutputStream os = null;BufferedReader successResult = null;BufferedReader errorResult = null;StringBuilder successMsg = null;StringBuilder errorMsg = null;try {//卸载也需要root权限process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("su");os = new DataOutputStream(process.getOutputStream());os.write(cmd.getBytes());os.writeBytes("\n");os.writeBytes("exit\n");os.flush();//执行命令process.waitFor();//获取返回结果successMsg = new StringBuilder();errorMsg = new StringBuilder();successResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));errorResult = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getErrorStream()));String s;while ((s = successResult.readLine()) != null) {successMsg.append(s);}while ((s = errorResult.readLine()) != null) {errorMsg.append(s);}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {try {if (os != null) {os.close();}if (process != null) {process.destroy();}if (successResult != null) {successResult.close();}if (errorResult != null) {errorResult.close();}} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}//显示结果tvTest.setText("成功消息：" + successMsg.toString() + "\n" + "错误消息: " + errorMsg.toString());}//智能安装private void smartInstall() {Uri uri = Uri.fromFile(new File(apkPath));Intent localIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);localIntent.setDataAndType(uri, "application/vnd.android.package-archive");startActivity(localIntent);}//监听apk安装private class MyInstallReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {@Overridepublic void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_ADDED")) {     // installString packageName = intent.getDataString();Log.i(TAG, "安装了 :" + packageName);//安装完毕，设置flag，从而使得其余的apk不能自动安装flag = false;}if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.PACKAGE_REMOVED")) {   // uninstallString packageName = intent.getDataString();Log.i(TAG, "卸载了 :" + packageName);}}}@Overrideprotected void onDestroy() {super.onDestroy();if (receiver != null) {unregisterReceiver(receiver);}}
}

界面上就三个按钮
res/layout/activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="match_parent"android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"><TextView
        android:id="@+id/tv_test"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:text=""/><Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_install"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_centerInParent="true"android:text="安装"/><Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_uninstall"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/btn_install"android:text="卸载"/><Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_set"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/btn_uninstall"android:text="开启智能安装功能"/><Button
        android:id="@+id/btn_smart_install"android:layout_width="match_parent"android:layout_height="wrap_content"android:layout_below="@id/btn_set"android:text="智能安装"/>
</RelativeLayout>

服务配置文件
res/xml/accessibility_service_config.xml

<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"android:accessibilityFeedbackType="feedbackGeneric"android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault"android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"android:description="@string/desc"android:packageNames="com.android.packageinstaller"/>

智能安装服务
app/MyAccessibilityService.java:

public class MyAccessibilityService extends AccessibilityService {private static final String TAG = "[TAG]";private Map<Integer, Boolean> handleMap = new HashMap<>();@Overridepublic void onAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent event) {AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo = event.getSource();if (nodeInfo != null && MainActivity.flag) {int eventType = event.getEventType();if (eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED || eventType == AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED) {if (handleMap.get(event.getWindowId()) == null) {boolean handled = iterateNodesAndHandle(nodeInfo);if (handled) {handleMap.put(event.getWindowId(), true);}}}}}@Overridepublic void onInterrupt() {}//遍历节点，模拟点击安装按钮private boolean iterateNodesAndHandle(AccessibilityNodeInfo nodeInfo) {if (nodeInfo != null) {int childCount = nodeInfo.getChildCount();if ("android.widget.Button".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) {String nodeCotent = nodeInfo.getText().toString();Log.d(TAG, "content is: " + nodeCotent);if ("安装".equals(nodeCotent) || "完成".equals(nodeCotent) || "确定".equals(nodeCotent)) {nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK);return true;}}//遇到ScrollView的时候模拟滑动一下else if ("android.widget.ScrollView".equals(nodeInfo.getClassName())) {nodeInfo.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD);}for (int i = 0; i < childCount; i++) {AccessibilityNodeInfo childNodeInfo = nodeInfo.getChild(i);if (iterateNodesAndHandle(childNodeInfo)) {return true;}}}return false;}
}

最后是配置文件AndroidManifest.xml:

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"package="com.slientinstalltest"><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/><application
        android:allowBackup="true"android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"android:label="@string/app_name"android:supportsRtl="true"android:theme="@style/AppTheme"><activity android:name=".MainActivity"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN"/><category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"/></intent-filter></activity><service
            android:name=".MyAccessibilityService"android:label="智能安装App"android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService"/></intent-filter><meta-data
                android:name="android.accessibilityservice"android:resource="@xml/accessibility_service_config"/></service></application></manifest>

注意：请把自己要安装的apk放到sdcard上，并且修改代码中的apk路径和包名

9 运行效果

10 代码下载

演示代码已经上传，下载地址:

http://download.csdn.net/detail/fuchaosz/9570881

11 总结

Android智能安装的原理就是利用了类似钩子的服务，这个服务还可以用于微信抢红包的开发，怎么样，是不是比ios好玩儿的多呢.

12 转载请注明来自”梧桐那时雨”的博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fuchaosz/article/details/51852442

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