JAVA微信公众号开发之二维码的创建与获取

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两种二维码：

1、临时二维码，是有过期时间的，最长可以设置为在二维码生成后的30天（即2592000秒）后过期，但能够生成较多数量。临时二维码主要用于帐号绑定等不要求二维码永久保存的业务场景
2、永久二维码，是无过期时间的，但数量较少（目前为最多10万个）。永久二维码主要用于适用于帐号绑定、用户来源统计等场景。

用户扫描带场景值二维码时，可能推送以下两种事件：

如果用户还未关注公众号，则用户可以关注公众号，关注后微信会将带场景值关注事件推送给开发者。

如果用户已经关注公众号，在用户扫描后会自动进入会话，微信也会将带场景值扫描事件推送给开发者。

获取带参数的二维码的过程包括两步，首先创建二维码ticket，然后凭借ticket到指定URL换取二维码。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import com.liaofang.mapper.AccessTokenMapper;
import com.liaofang.po.AccessTokenPO;
import com.liaofang.po.WeiXinResult;
import com.liaofang.service.AccessTokenServiceImp;
import com.liaofang.util.ConfigUtil;
import com.liaofang.util.GetMapSign;
import com.liaofang.util.HttpRequestUtil;
import com.liaofang.util.SignUtil;
import net.sf.json.JSONObject;@Servicepublic class WxQRCodeServiceImp implements WxQRCodeService {@Autowiredprivate AccessTokenMapper atMapper;/*** 创建临时二维码* @MethodName：createTempTicket*@author:maliran*@ReturnType:String*@param accessToken*@param expireSeconds*@param sceneId*@return* @throws Exception */public String createTempTicket(String expireSeconds, int sceneId) throws Exception {   Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();AccessTokenPO atPO = new AccessTokenPO();List<AccessTokenPO> list = new ArrayList<AccessTokenPO>();String accessToken = "";String jsapi_ticket="";String ticket="";list = atMapper.selectToken();System.out.println(list.size());if(list.size()!=0){System.out.println(list.get(0));if((new Date().getTime()/1000-list.get(0).getCurrentTime().getTime()/1000)>6000){//access_token过期map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.updateToken(atPO);}else{list = atMapper.selectToken();jsapi_ticket=list.get(0).getTicket();accessToken = list.get(0).getAccess_token();}}else{map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.insertToken(atPO);}TreeMap<String,String> params = new TreeMap<String,String>();  params.put("access_token", accessToken);  Map<String,Integer> intMap = new HashMap<String,Integer>();  intMap.put("scene_id",sceneId);  Map<String,Map<String,Integer>> mapMap = new HashMap<String,Map<String,Integer>>();  mapMap.put("scene", intMap);  //  Map<String,Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<String,Object>();  paramsMap.put("expire_seconds", expireSeconds);  paramsMap.put("action_name", ConfigUtil.QR_SCENE);  paramsMap.put("action_info", mapMap);  String data = JSONObject.fromObject(paramsMap).toString();  JSONObject jsonObject = SignUtil.doPostStr(ConfigUtil.CREATE_TICKET_PATH, data);if(jsonObject!=null){ticket = jsonObject.optString("ticket");}return ticket;}   /** * 创建永久二维码(数字) * @param accessToken * @param sceneId 场景Id * @return * @throws Exception */  public String createForeverTicket(int sceneId) throws Exception {  Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();AccessTokenPO atPO = new AccessTokenPO();List<AccessTokenPO> list = new ArrayList<AccessTokenPO>();String accessToken = "";String jsapi_ticket="";String ticket="";list = atMapper.selectToken();System.out.println(list.size());if(list.size()!=0){System.out.println(list.get(0));if((new Date().getTime()/1000-list.get(0).getCurrentTime().getTime()/1000)>6000){//access_token过期map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.updateToken(atPO);}else{list =atMapper.selectToken();jsapi_ticket=list.get(0).getTicket();accessToken = list.get(0).getAccess_token();}}else{map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.insertToken(atPO);}TreeMap<String,String> params = new TreeMap<String,String>();  params.put("access_token", accessToken);  Map<String,Integer> intMap = new HashMap<String,Integer>();  intMap.put("scene_id",sceneId);  Map<String,Map<String,Integer>> mapMap = new HashMap<String,Map<String,Integer>>();  mapMap.put("scene", intMap);  Map<String,Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<String,Object>();    paramsMap.put("action_name", ConfigUtil.QR_LIMIT_SCENE);  paramsMap.put("action_info", mapMap); String data =JSONObject.fromObject(paramsMap).toString();  JSONObject jsonObject = SignUtil.doPostStr(ConfigUtil.CREATE_TICKET_PATH, data);if(jsonObject!=null){ticket = jsonObject.optString("ticket");}return ticket;}  /** * 创建永久二维码(字符串) *  * @param accessToken * @param sceneStr 场景str * @return * @throws Exception */  public String createForeverStrTicket(String sceneStr) throws Exception{        Map<String,String> map = new HashMap<String,String>();AccessTokenPO atPO = new AccessTokenPO();List<AccessTokenPO> list = new ArrayList<AccessTokenPO>();String accessToken = "";String jsapi_ticket="";String ticket="";list = atMapper.selectToken();System.out.println(list.size());if(list.size()!=0){System.out.println(list.get(0));if((new Date().getTime()/1000-list.get(0).getCurrentTime().getTime()/1000)>6000){//access_token过期map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.updateToken(atPO);}else{list = atMapper.selectToken();jsapi_ticket=list.get(0).getTicket();accessToken = list.get(0).getAccess_token();}}else{map = GetMapSign.getTicket();accessToken = map.get("access_token");atPO.setAccess_token(accessToken);atPO.setCurrentTime(new Date());atPO.setExpires_in(Integer.parseInt(map.get("expires_in")));jsapi_ticket=map.get("ticket");atPO.setTicket(jsapi_ticket);atMapper.insertToken(atPO);}TreeMap<String,String> params = new TreeMap<String,String>();  params.put("access_token", accessToken); String url = ConfigUtil.CREATE_TICKET_PATH.replace("ACCESS_TOKEN", accessToken);Map<String,String> intMap = new HashMap<String,String>();  intMap.put("scene_str",sceneStr);  Map<String,Map<String,String>> mapMap = new HashMap<String,Map<String,String>>();  mapMap.put("scene", intMap);  Map<String,Object> paramsMap = new HashMap<String,Object>();    paramsMap.put("action_name", ConfigUtil.QR_LIMIT_STR_SCENE);  paramsMap.put("action_info", mapMap); String data =JSONObject.fromObject(paramsMap).toString();  JSONObject jsonObject = SignUtil.doPostStr(url, data);if(jsonObject!=null){ticket = jsonObject.optString("ticket");}return ticket;}  /** * 获取二维码ticket后，通过ticket换取二维码图片展示 * @param ticket * @return */  public String showQrcode(String ticket){  String    showqrcode_path = "";Map<String,String> params = new TreeMap<String,String>();  params.put("ticket", HttpRequestUtil.urlEncode(ticket, HttpRequestUtil.DEFAULT_CHARSET));  try {  showqrcode_path = HttpRequestUtil.setParmas(params,ConfigUtil.SHOWCODE_PATH,"");  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return showqrcode_path;  }  /** * 获取二维码ticket后，通过ticket换取二维码图片 * @param ticket * @param savePath  保存的路径,例如 F:\\test\test.jpg * @return      Result.success = true 表示下载图片下载成功 */  public WeiXinResult showQrcode(String ticket,String savePath) throws Exception{  TreeMap<String,String> params = new TreeMap<String,String>();  params.put("ticket", HttpRequestUtil.urlEncode(ticket, HttpRequestUtil.DEFAULT_CHARSET));  WeiXinResult result = HttpRequestUtil.downMeaterMetod(params,HttpRequestUtil.GET_METHOD,ConfigUtil.

SHOWCODE_PATH,savePath);

return result; } }

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;  import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import javax.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSession;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;  import com.liaofang.po.WeiXinResult;  public class HttpRequestUtil {  //private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HttpRequestUtil.class);  public static final String GET_METHOD = "GET";  public static final String POST_METHOD = "POST";  public static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "utf-8";  private static int DEFAULT_CONNTIME = 5000;  private static int DEFAULT_READTIME = 5000;  // 获取access_token的路径  private static String token_path = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token";  /** * http请求 *  * @param method *            请求方法GET/POST * @param path *            请求路径 * @param timeout *            连接超时时间 默认为5000 * @param readTimeout *            读取超时时间 默认为5000 * @param data  数据 * @return */  public static String defaultConnection(String method, String path, int timeout, int readTimeout, String data)  throws Exception {  String result = "";  URL url = new URL(path);  if (url != null) {  HttpURLConnection conn = getConnection(method, url);  conn.setConnectTimeout(timeout == 0 ? DEFAULT_CONNTIME : timeout);  conn.setReadTimeout(readTimeout == 0 ? DEFAULT_READTIME : readTimeout);  if (data != null && !"".equals(data)) {  OutputStream output = conn.getOutputStream();  output.write(data.getBytes(DEFAULT_CHARSET));  output.flush();  output.close();  }  if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {  InputStream input = conn.getInputStream();  result = inputToStr(input);  input.close();  conn.disconnect();  }  }  return result;  }  /** * 根据url的协议选择对应的请求方式 例如 http://www.baidu.com 则使用http请求,https://www.baidu.com * 则使用https请求 *  * @param method *            请求的方法 * @return * @throws IOException */  private static HttpURLConnection getConnection(String method, URL url) throws IOException {  HttpURLConnection conn = null;  if ("https".equals(url.getProtocol())) {  SSLContext context = null;  try {  context = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL", "SunJSSE");  context.init(new KeyManager[0], new TrustManager[] { new MyX509TrustManager() },

new java.security.SecureRandom());  } catch (Exception e) {  throw new IOException(e);  }  HttpsURLConnection connHttps = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();  connHttps.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());  connHttps.setHostnameVerifier(new HostnameVerifier() {  @Override  public boolean verify(String arg0, SSLSession arg1) {  return true;  }  });  conn = connHttps;  } else {  conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();  }  conn.setRequestMethod(method);  conn.setUseCaches(false);  conn.setDoInput(true);  conn.setDoOutput(true);  return conn;  }  /** * 将输入流转换为字符串 *  * @param input *            输入流 * @return 转换后的字符串 */  public static String inputToStr(InputStream input) {  String result = "";  if (input != null) {  byte[] array = new byte[1024];  StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();  try {  for (int index; (index = (input.read(array))) > -1;) {  buffer.append(new String(array, 0, index, DEFAULT_CHARSET));  }  result = buffer.toString();  } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  result = "";  }  }  return result;  }  /** * 设置参数 *  * @param map *            参数map * @param path *            需要赋值的path * @param charset *            编码格式 默认编码为utf-8(取消默认) * @return 已经赋值好的url 只需要访问即可 */  public static String setParmas(Map<String, String> map, String path, String charset) throws Exception {  String result = "";  boolean hasParams = false;  if (path != null && !"".equals(path)) {  if (map != null && map.size() > 0) {  StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();  Set<Entry<String, String>> params = map.entrySet();  for (Entry<String, String> entry : params) {  String key = entry.getKey().trim();  String value = entry.getValue().trim();  if (hasParams) {  builder.append("&");  } else {  hasParams = true;  }  if(charset != null && !"".equals(charset)){  //builder.append(key).append("=").append(URLDecoder.(value, charset));    builder.append(key).append("=").append(urlEncode(value, charset));  }else{  builder.append(key).append("=").append(value);  }  }  result = builder.toString();  }  }  return doUrlPath(path, result).toString();  }  /** * 设置连接参数 *  * @param path *            路径 * @return */  private static URL doUrlPath(String path, String query) throws Exception {  URL url = new URL(path);  if (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isEmpty(path)) {  return url;  }  if (org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils.isEmpty(url.getQuery())) {  if (path.endsWith("?")) {  path += query;  } else {  path = path + "?" + query;  }  } else {  if (path.endsWith("&")) {  path += query;  } else {  path = path + "&" + query;  }  }  return new URL(path);  }  /** * 默认的http请求执行方法,返回 *  * @param method *            请求的方法 POST/GET * @param path *            请求path 路径 * @param map *            请求参数集合 * @param data *            输入的数据 允许为空 * @return */  public static String HttpDefaultExecute(String method, String path, Map<String, String> map, String data) {  String result = "";  try {  String url = setParmas((TreeMap<String, String>) map, path, "");  result = defaultConnection(method, url, DEFAULT_CONNTIME, DEFAULT_READTIME, data);  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return result;  }  /** * 默认的https执行方法,返回 *  * @param method *            请求的方法 POST/GET * @param path *            请求path 路径 * @param map *            请求参数集合 * @param data *            输入的数据 允许为空 * @return */  public static String HttpsDefaultExecute(String method, String path, Map<String, String> map, String data) {  String result = "";  try {  String url = setParmas((TreeMap<String, String>) map, path, "");  result = defaultConnection(method, url, DEFAULT_CONNTIME, DEFAULT_READTIME, data);  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return result;  }  /** * 默认的下载素材方法 *  * @param method  http方法 POST/GET * @param apiPath api路径 * @param savePath 素材需要保存的路径 * @return 是否下载成功 Reuslt.success==true 表示下载成功 */  public static WeiXinResult downMeaterMetod(TreeMap<String, String> params, String method, String apiPath, String savePath) {  WeiXinResult result = new WeiXinResult();  try {  apiPath = setParmas(params, apiPath, "");  URL url = new URL(apiPath);  HttpURLConnection conn = getConnection(method, url);  if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {  String contentType = conn.getContentType();  result = ContentType(contentType, conn, savePath);  } else {  result.setObj(conn.getResponseCode() + " " + conn.getResponseMessage());  }  } catch (MalformedURLException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  } catch (Exception e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return result;  }  /** * 根据返回的头信息返回具体信息 *  * @param contentType *            ContentType请求头信息 * @return Result.type==1 表示文本消息, */  private static WeiXinResult ContentType(String contentType, HttpURLConnection conn, String savePath) {  WeiXinResult result = new WeiXinResult();  try {  if (conn != null) {  InputStream input = conn.getInputStream();  if (contentType.equals("image/gif")) { // gif图片  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "gif");  } else if (contentType.equals("image/jpeg")) { // jpg图片  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "jpg");  } else if (contentType.equals("image/jpg")) { // jpg图片  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "jpg");  } else if (contentType.equals("image/png")) { // png图片  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "png");  } else if (contentType.equals("image/bmp")) { // bmp图片  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "bmp");  } else if (contentType.equals("audio/x-wav")) { // wav语音  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "wav");  } else if (contentType.equals("audio/x-ms-wma")) { // wma语言  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "wma");  } else if (contentType.equals("audio/mpeg")) { // mp3语言  result = InputStreamToMedia(input, savePath, "mp3");  } else if (contentType.equals("text/plain")) { // 文本信息  String str = inputToStr(input);  result.setObj(str);  } else if (contentType.equals("application/json")) { // 返回json格式的数据  String str = inputToStr(input);  result.setObj(str);  } else { // 此处有问题  String str = inputToStr(input);  result.setObj(str);  }  } else {  result.setObj("conn is null!");  }  } catch (Exception ex) {  ex.printStackTrace();  }  return result;  }  /** * 将字符流转换为图片文件 *  * @param input 字符流 * @param savePath 图片需要保存的路径 * @param 类型 jpg/png等 * @return */  private static WeiXinResult InputStreamToMedia(InputStream input, String savePath, String type) {  WeiXinResult result = new WeiXinResult();  try {  File file = null;  file = new File(savePath);  String paramPath = file.getParent(); // 路径  String fileName = file.getName(); //  String newName = fileName.substring(0, fileName.lastIndexOf(".")) + "." + type;// 根据实际返回的文件类型后缀  savePath = paramPath + "\\" + newName;  if (!file.exists()) {  File dirFile = new File(paramPath);  dirFile.mkdirs();  }  file = new File(savePath);  FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(file);  int len = 0;  byte[] array = new byte[1024];  while ((len = input.read(array)) != -1) {  output.write(array, 0, len);  }  output.flush();  output.close();  result.setSuccess(true);  result.setObj("save success!");  } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  result.setSuccess(false);  result.setObj(e.getMessage());  } catch (IOException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  result.setSuccess(false);  result.setObj(e.getMessage());  }  return result;  }  public static String urlEncode(String source, String encode) {  String result = source;  try {  result = URLEncoder.encode(source, encode);  } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {  e.printStackTrace();  }  return result;  }
}

/*** post请求*/public static JSONObject doPostStr(String url,String outStr){DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);JSONObject jsonObject = null;String result="";try {httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(outStr,"utf-8"));HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);result = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");} catch (Exception e) {} jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(result);return jsonObject;}

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