It’s not one hundred percent straight forward to install SharePoint 2010 on Windows 7. Here’s a list of steps that you must take before you’ll be able to create your first Enterprise Wiki  :

I assume that you have seen System requirements for SharePoint 2010:

http://blogs.msdn.com/sharepoint/archive/2009/05/07/announcing-sharepoint-server-2010-preliminary-system-requirements.aspx

Before you hit the setup file with a couple of clicks, you MUST fulfill the following pre-requisites (these will save you a lot of frustration that might come in the form of Configuration Wizard errors):

1. Install Geneva Framework Runtime for x64:

   Microsoft Geneva Framework Runtime for x64

2. Install the following hotfix: 

   https://connect.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/Downloads/DownloadDetails.aspx?DownloadID=23806&wa=wsignin1.0

3. Run the following command in a command prompt window, this enables required IIS/Windows Features (the command is from Microsoft, so you can trust ):

start /w pkgmgr /iu:IIS-WebServerRole;IIS-WebServer;IIS-CommonHttpFeatures;IIS-StaticContent;IIS-DefaultDocument;IIS-DirectoryBrowsing;IIS-HttpErrors;IIS-ApplicationDevelopment;IIS-ASPNET;IIS-NetFxExtensibility;IIS-ISAPIExtensions;IIS-ISAPIFilter;IIS-HealthAndDiagnostics;IIS-HttpLogging;IIS-LoggingLibraries;IIS-RequestMonitor;IIS-HttpTracing;IIS-CustomLogging;IIS-Security;IIS-BasicAuthentication;IIS-WindowsAuthentication;IIS-DigestAuthentication;IIS-RequestFiltering;IIS-Performance;IIS-HttpCompressionStatic;IIS-HttpCompressionDynamic;IIS-WebServerManagementTools;IIS-ManagementConsole;IIS-IIS6ManagementCompatibility;IIS-Metabase;IIS-WMICompatibility;WAS-WindowsActivationService;WAS-ProcessModel;WAS-NetFxEnvironment;WAS-ConfigurationAPI;WCF-HTTP-Activation;

Make sure you execute the command with no line breaks, if you copy from above, hopefully there should not be any line breaks.

5.   The command given above does not enable one of the required Windows Features. Go to Control Panel -> Programs -> Turn Windows Features on or off -> fill the check box for “Windows Communication Foundation Non-HTTP Activation” and OK (make sure you do not uncheck anything else).

6.  Must Restart your machine here.

Now we have to use/modify a few files within the SharePoint setup file. For that we have to extract files from setup.exe. There could be two ways of doing this. One is manual and the other is automatic. I recommend the automatic way. If you like automatic, skip the Manual step and go straright to automatic below.

Manual Extract:

First one is to extract the files from the setup exe manually, modify files and run the setup.exe (the extracted one).  The command to extract files is here:

C:\Users\rehmang>"D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\14.0.4536.1000_OfficeServer_none_ship_x64_en-us_exe" /extract:"D:\Sh
arePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint Server 2010\Extracted"

Your setup exe is at “D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\”

and you are extracting files at
 
“D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\Extracted”.

As soon as you will run the command, the extraction will start:

Click Ok on the success message and move to the folder where you extracted the files.

Run all the pre-requisites present at the following location:


D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\Extracted\PrerequisiteInstallerFiles 

In Windows 7, usually it will be “FilterPack.msi” alone. Run this and run others if there are any. Note that “Software Pre-requisite Tool” or “Preparation Tool” doesnt work with Windows 7, so you have to do it manually.

Go to following directory:

D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\Extracted\Files\Setup

You will find a config file:

Right click and edit in Notepad:

Add the following line of code just before the closing </Configuration> tag (as shown above):

Save the file.

Go to "D:\SharePoint 2010 Setup\SharePoint 2010\Microsoft SharePoint
Server 2010\Extracted" and click setup.exe (and not setup.cmd). This setup.exe is placed where you just extracted files from the original setup file. On the following splash screen click “Install SharePoint Server”:

Your setup should proceed now:

Automatic Extraction (my way):

So, which way I want to take. I will run the setup, which will extract the files automatically, and then setup will complain that your system is not Windows Server 2008 x64 bit and hence the setup cannot continue. I will say OK.

Note here that the files are extracted already, so I will go to the file extraction folder and modify the files there. Now the setup is ready to run on Windows 7. However, I will not run the setup again, but only click “Install Sharepoint Server” on the splash screen. This time the installer will get the modified files….(saves me from creating folders, getting the command right and manually extracting the files)…Read on.

Double click SharePoint 2010 setup:

You will see the Extracting Files screen:

You will get the following splash screens:

Click “Install Software Prerequisites” and you will get the following error message:

Click “Install SharePoint Server” and you will get the following error message:

To get rid of this error, we have to modify a config file on the file system. Click OK on the error message above and make sure you do not Exit on the splash screen behind.

Go to following directory:

C:\Program Files (x86)\MSECache\oserver2010\Files\Setup


You will find a config file:

Right click and edit in Notepad:

Add the following line of code just before the closing </Configuration> tag (as shown above):

Save the file.

Run all the pre-requisites present at the following location:
C:\Program Files (x86)\MSECache\oserver2010\PrerequisiteInstallerFiles 

In Windows 7, usually it will be “FilterPack.msi” alone. Run this and run others if there are any. Note that “Software Pre-requisite Tool” or “Preparation Tool” doesnt work with Windows 7, so you have to do it manually.

Click “Install SharePoint Server” on the screen that we left running:

Your setup should proceed now:

For Product Keys, not me, its Microsoft  .

On Windows 7, better to perform a Standalone installation.

Permissions Issue:

In case you got a permissions issue with editing the Config file, give yourself permissions on the Setup folder (in which the Config is contained):

Right click Setup -> go to Security tab -> click Edit -> click Add -> add your account like Domain\username -> fill the check box infront of “Full Control” -> OK all:

Edit Config file now and it should be all good.

After completing the above process, if you have started receiving Configuration Wizard errors, look here for a consolidated list of errors and there solutions.

Here is a useful MSDN link from Microsoft:

http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee554869(office.14).aspx

Hope this helps–

reference：http://rehmangul.sauftveyr.com/2009/12/08/installing-sharepoint-2010-on-windows-7/