摘要

装载机是一种作业效率高，用途广泛的工程机械，它不仅对松散的堆积物料可进行装、运、卸作业，还可以对岩石、硬土进行轻度铲掘工作，并能用来清理、刮平场地及牵引作业。因此它被广泛用于建筑、矿山、道路、水电和国防建设等国民经济的各个部门。在装载机作业过程中，升降动臂，转动铲斗，整机转向和换向变速等动作一般都采用液压传动来实现，因此液压系统性能的优劣对装载机的生产率、 经济性和使用寿命有很大的影响，必须充分重视。工作装置液压系统是装载机液压系统的一部分，本设计针对装载机工作装置液压系统的液压缸进行了设计计算，并对液压附件进行了选取，在此基础上对液压系统的安装与维护作了简单的分析。

关键词：装载机 工作装置 液压系统

Abstract

Loader is a high efficiency and widely used engineering machinery; it not only can load, transport and dispose the accumulation of loose materials, but also can dig mildly with the rocks and hard soil. Besides, it can be used to clean-up, draw venues and does traction work. Therefore it is widely used in various departments of the national economy, such as construction, mining, roads, utilities, and the construction of National Defense, etc. When operating a loader, a series of actions including boom lifts, bucket rotating, turning of the whole machine and shift gears are achieved by hydraulic transmission, so whether the performance of the system is good affects productivity ability, economy ability and life span of the loader, we must pay full attention to it. Working device hydraulic system is a part of the whole system .This paper tells us the improved design of every part for the working device and makes a simple design for hydraulic attachments. Based on these the author also analyses installation and maintenance of the system

Keywords: Loader; Working devices; Hydraulic System

目  录

引言…………………………………………………………… 1

1．概述……………………………………………………….1

1.1轮胎式装载机简介………………………………………………………… 1

1.2ZL50装载机介绍 ……………………………………………………………1

2.装载机设计方法与要求…………………………………………………… 1

2.1装载机的参数，技术要求………………………………………………….1

2.2装载机的工况分析………………………………………………………… 1

3.液压系统工作原理 ………………………………………………………… 2

4.液压装置设计………………………………………………………………… 2

4.1液压系统的组成…………………………………………………………… 2

4.2各液压回路设计…………………………………………………………… 3

4.3自动限位装置……………………………………………………………… 4

4.4装载机换挡原理…………………………………………………………… 4

4.5油液流动说明……………………………………………………………… 5

4.5.1铲斗收起与前倾……………………………………………………… 5

4.5.2动臂升降……………………………………………………………… 6

5.液压装置的相关计算……………………………………………………… 7

5.1液压缸……………………………………………………………………   7

5.1.1液压缸内径计算……………………………………………………… 7

5.1.2缸筒底部厚度的计算………………………………………………… 11

5.2活塞………………………………………………………………………… 14

5.3活塞杆……………………………………………………………………… 16

5.3.1活塞杆直径计算……………………………………………………… 16

5.3.2 液压缸推力和流量的计算…………………………………………… 16

5.3.3 活塞杆的结构设计…………………………………………………… 18

5.3.4 活塞杆的导向套、密封和防尘……………………………………… 20

5.4中隔圈……………………………………………………………………… 21

5.5缓冲装置…………………………………………………………………… 21

5.6排气装置…………………………………………………………………… 22

5.7液压缸选型………………………………………………………………… 23

5.8阀的选取…………………………………………………………………… 24

5.8.1单向阀………………………………………………………………… 24

5.8.2溢流阀………………………………………………………………… 24

5.8.3换向阀………………………………………………………………… 24

5.9液压泵……………………………………………………………………… 24

5.9.1液压泵的确定………………………………………………………… 24

5.9.2液压泵流量的计算…………………………………………………… 26

5.9.3计算液压泵的驱动功率……………………………………………… 26

5.10液压管道及其连接………………………………………………………  27

5.10.1硬管的选取…………………………………………………………  27

5.10.2软管的选取…………………………………………………………  28

5.10.3管接头的选取………………………………………………………  28

5.10.4螺塞的选取…………………………………………………………  28

5.10.5邮箱的设计与计算……………………………………………………28

5.10.6过滤器的选取…………………………………………………………30

6．液压元件的维护……………………………………………………………30

7.总结…………………………………………………………………………… 32

8．谢词……………………………………………………………………………34

9.参考文献………………………………………………………………………35

10．附录…………………………………………………………………………36