Elasticsearch教程(1) Query DSL入门

更多查询可以参考
Elasticsearch笔记(8) term terms exists 查询案例
Elasticsearch笔记(10) ES term terms prefix 搜索聚合查询详细总结
Elasticsearch笔记(11) elasticsearch 桶聚合 Query DSL

1. index

1.1 查询所有index

GET /_cat/indices?v

1.2 新增index

#新增一个名为pigg的index
PUT /pigg

1.3 删除index

#删除pigg这个index,产线千万别这么做,删了就完了
DELETE /pigg

2. document

2.1 新增document

2.1.1 新增时指定ID

#指定了文档ID=1
PUT /pigg/_doc/1
{"name": "王冬冬","ename": "winter","age": 32,"about": "I am a good coder","interest": ["eat", "coding"],"interest_count": 2
}#指定了文档ID=2
PUT /pigg/_doc/2
{"name": "朱大旬","ename": "vissy","age": 29,"about": "I am a tester","interest": ["eat", "testing"],"interest_count": 2,"job": null
}#指定了文档ID=3
PUT /pigg/_doc/3
{"name": "王佳冬","ename": "micoo","age": 3,"about": "I am a baby","interest": ["eat", "play", "sleep"],"interest_count": 3,"job": []
}

2.1.2 由ES自动生成ID

用post新增文档，ES自动为文档生成20位的ID

POST /pigg/_doc
{"name": "小波波","age": 2,"about": "I am a cat","interest": ["eat"],"interest_count": 1,"job": [null, "get mouse"]
}

返回结果如下：

{"_index" : "pigg","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "PYiliXABQi7JywF4bswF",//这个就是es自动生成的ID"_version" : 1,"result" : "created","_shards" : {"total" : 2,"successful" : 1,"failed" : 0},"_seq_no" : 2,"_primary_term" : 1
}

2.1.3 指定操作类型参数：op_type

新增文档时，可以同时指定op_type，当es里已经存在相同ID的文档时，就会新增失败。

#==指定操作类型op_type=create
PUT /pigg/_doc/3?op_type=create
{"name": "王佳彤","first_name": "jia tong","last_name": "wang","age": 3,"about": "I am a baby","interest": ["eat", "play", "sleep"],"interest_count": 3,"job": []
}

上面等同于：

#指定是create文档
PUT /pigg/_doc/3/_create
{"name": "王佳彤","first_name": "jia tong","last_name": "wang","age": 3,"about": "I am a baby","interest": ["eat", "play", "sleep"],"interest_count": 3,"job": []
}

返回异常信息提示：

 "reason": "[_doc][3]: version conflict, document already exists (current version [1])"

2.1.4 指定文档版本号version

每个文档都有一个版本号version，新增后version=1，以后每次修改，version自动加1，也可以指定version，比如让它从1一下子变成10这样。

#先新增一个ID=100的文档
PUT /pigg/_doc/100
{"name": "三爷"
}#返回结果如下，注意这个版本号_version=1
{"_index" : "pigg","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "100","_version" : 1,//注意这个版本号"result" : "created","_shards" : {"total" : 2,"successful" : 1,"failed" : 0},"_seq_no" : 1,"_primary_term" : 1
}

但我们要修改文档前，我们已经知道当前version=1，如果文档被别人修改过，那version肯定大于1。
当我们要修改时，带上version参数（值是我们认定的更新前，当前文档的version值），如果我们指定的与ES里文档相等，则能成功，否则报异常。

#指定跟新前文档现有version=1
PUT /pigg/_doc/100?version=1
{"name": "三爷2"
}#因为中间没有别人操作过id=100的文档，所以修改成功，version变成2
{"_index" : "pigg","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "100","_version" : 2,"result" : "updated","_shards" : {"total" : 2,"successful" : 1,"failed" : 0},"_seq_no" : 2,"_primary_term" : 1
}

2.1.5 指定了version_type=external

#指定了version_type=external,必须version>当前的version
PUT /pigg/_doc/100?version=10&version_type=external
{"name": "三爷3"
}#返回结果如下，version变成指定的10
{"_index" : "pigg","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "100","_version" : 10,"result" : "updated","_shards" : {"total" : 2,"successful" : 1,"failed" : 0},"_seq_no" : 4,"_primary_term" : 1
}

2.2 查询document

更多查询可以参考ES Query DSL 词项查询

2.2.1 查询index的所有document

GET /pigg/_search

2.2.1 根据id查询document

GET /pigg/_doc/1?pretty

返回结果:

{"_index" : "pigg","_type" : "_doc","_id" : "1","_version" : 2,"_seq_no" : 1,"_primary_term" : 1,"found" : true,"_source" : {"name" : "王冬冬","ename" : "winter","age" : 32,"about" : "I am a good coder","interest" : ["eat","coding"],"interest_count" : 2}
}

2.2.2 用sort排序查询

#对age进行倒序查询
GET /pigg/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"sort": [{"age": {"order": "desc"}}]
}

2.2.3 用from和size分页查询

#查询前2条数据, from是从0开始的
GET /pigg/_search
{"query": {"match_all": {}},"sort": [{"age": {"order": "desc"}}],"from": 0,"size": 2
}

2.2.4 根据ID判断是否存在

存在返回200，不存在返回404

HEAD /pigg/_doc/1

2.2.5 用_source参数过滤返回的字段

#不返回_source
GET /pigg/_doc/1?_source=false#只返回_source
GET /pigg/_doc/1/_source#只返回ID=1文档的name,age
GET /pigg/_doc/1?_source=name,age#只返回_source中某些字段
GET /pigg/_search
{"_source": ["name", "age"]
}#带上查询条件和_source过滤
GET /pigg/_search
{"query": {"bool": {"filter": {"term": {"age": 3}}}}, "_source": ["name", "age"]
}#只排除某些字段
GET /pigg/_doc/1?_source_exclude=about,interest#判断_source是否存在
HEAD pigg/_doc/1/_source

在ES7.X中,可以有如下写法

GET pigg/_source/1GET pigg/_source/1?_source=field_one

2.3 修改document

2.3.1 用put替换document

查询当前pigg表里id=1的文档

GET /pigg/_doc/1?pretty

返回如下：

{"_index": "pigg","_type": "_doc","_id": "1","_version": 4,"found": true,"_source": {"name": "三爷","age": 29,"hometown": "盐城","gender": "male"}
}

用put方式更新id=1的文档

PUT /pigg/_doc/1
{"name": "盐城三爷"
}

再次查询id=1的文档

{"_index": "pigg","_type": "_doc","_id": "1","_version": 5,"found": true,"_source": {"name": "盐城三爷"}
}

通过上面发现用put是替换了整个文档，而不是更新name这一个字段

2.3.2 用post更新document

先恢复id=1的文档为一开始的数据,然后执行如下语句
修改name,并新增interesting这个字段

POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update?pretty
{"doc":{"name": "盐城冬冬","interesting": "watching TV"}
}

再次查询id=1的文档

{"_index": "pigg","_type": "_doc","_id": "1","_version": 8,"found": true,"_source": {"name": "盐城冬冬","age": 29,"hometown": "盐城","gender": "male","interesting": "watching TV"}
}

这时发现用post更新的是文档的局部字段,原来有的字段更新,没有的字段则新增这个字段

2.3.3 用script更新document

查询当前id=1的人的age是29,现在要对age加1

POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": "ctx._source.age += 1"
}

再次查询id=1的文档,发现age已经是30了

{"_index": "pigg","_type": "_doc","_id": "1","_version": 9,"found": true,"_source": {"name": "盐城冬冬","age": 30,"hometown": "盐城","gender": "male","interesting": "watching TV"}
}

2.3.4 用script更新document其他例子

#age-1
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.age -= 1"}
}#age=30
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.age = 30"}
}#name='witerking'
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.name = 'witerking'"}
}#给数组添加一个值,就算存在也添加,语音用painless
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.interest.add(params.interest)","lang": "painless","params": {"interest": "sleep"}}
}#给数组添加一个值,不存在才添加,语音用painless
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "if(!ctx._source.interest.contains(params.interest)) {ctx._source.interest.add(params.interest)}","lang": "painless","params": {"interest": "sleeping"}}
}#给文档添加一个新字段new_name
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.new_name = '傻瓜'","lang": "painless"}
}#字段直接复制
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": {"source": "ctx._source.new_name = ctx._source.name","lang": "painless"}
}#删除一个字段,不修改mapping
POST /pigg/_doc/1/_update
{"script": "ctx._source.remove('new_name')"
}

2.4 删除document

2.4.1 根据ID删除

DELETE /pigg/_doc/1

2.4.2 delete_by_query

#==delete_by_query==
POST /pig/_delete_by_query
{"query": {"term": {"_id": "5"}}
}#忽略版本冲突,继续执行删除操作
POST /pig/_delete_by_query?conflicts=proceed
{"query": {"term": {"_id": "5"}}
}

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